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This
is a download from BBC Learning English. To find out more, visit our
website 6 Minute English from the BBC Learning English. com.
本文来自BBC Learning English。如需获得更多内容请访问我们的网站BBC Learning English. com。
Neil: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil…
大家好，欢迎收听英语六分钟，我是尼尔。
Alice: And I'm Alice.
我是爱丽丝。
Neil: So Alice how did you spend Saturday night?
爱丽丝，你周六晚上做什么了？
Alice: Curled up on the sofa with a good book. You?
我蜷缩在沙发里看了一本不错的书。你呢？
Neil: I went out on the town. Met some friends, had a few drinks, then went on to a party.
我出去玩了。见了一些朋友，喝了点小酒，然后参加了一个聚会。
Alice:
Well that illustrates the difference between us – you're an extrovert.
And I'm… not. And where we are on the spectrum between introvert and
extrovert is the subject of today's show.
这就体现了咱们两个的差别。你是个外向的人。而我不是。我们今天的主题是：我们的性格属于内向还是外向。
Neil: So would you call yourself an introvert, Alice?
爱丽丝，你认为自己是内向的？
Alice: No, I'm an ambivert, which means a mixture of introvert and extrovert.
不，我是一个中向性格者，内向和外向的混合体。
Neil: Well, whichever you are, Alice, staying in on your own on a Saturday night is pretty boring!
无论你是什么性格，周六晚上一个人待着真的很无聊！
Alice:
Not to me. And you shouldn't be so judgemental, Neil. You're reflecting
the general view that people seem to have these days, that being an
introvert is somehow less valuable than being an extrovert. Introverts
have many valuable qualities. They're reflective – that means thoughtful
– and have inner resources. In other words, they don't rely on other
people to enjoy themselves.
对我来说不是。你这样的评判是不对的，尼尔。你反映出了人们现在的一种普遍观点：内向的人不如外向的人。内向的人有很多高尚的品质。他们善于沉思，他们具有精神财富。换句话说，他们不需要依靠别人来取悦自己。
Neil: OK, well if you're feeling reflective at the moment, how about answering today's quiz question
如果此刻你感觉自己很有想法，不如回答一下今天的问题吧。
Alice: OK.
好的。
Neil: Can you tell me: who first used the term extrovert? Was it…a) Sigmund Freud? b) Friedrich Nietzsche? Or c) Carl Jung?
你能告诉我，是谁最先使用了外向这个术语吗？a)西格蒙德·弗洛伊德？b) 弗里德里希·尼采？还是 c) 卡尔·荣格？
Alice: I think the answer is c) Carl Jung.
我想答案是c) 卡尔·荣格。
Neil:
Well, we'll find out if you got the answer right or not later in the
show. But before we get there, let's listen to Lisa Kaenzig, researcher
and Associate Dean for William Smith College, New York State, telling us
a bit more about what being an introvert typically means.
稍后我们再看你的回答是否正确。在这之前，我们先来听听纽约州威廉·史密斯学院的研究学者兼副院长丽莎·凯恩兹告诉我们什么是典型的内向者。
Introverts
are people of any age who really get their energy from within
themselves. And who often have sort of a running dialogue in their head
going on thinking before they're talking, like to have a little more
time to think through things before they're commenting on them or
answering a question, need some time to recharge their batteries by
being by themselves, and enjoy having alone time.
内向者是指从自身获取能量的各年龄段的人。他们在开口说话之前，就已经把流畅的对话在脑中过了一遍。他们在作出评论或回答问题之前，会用更多的时间去彻底思考这个问题。他们需要一些时间来给自己充电，喜欢一个人独处的时光。
Neil: Lisa Kaenzig there – who says that introverts think about what they're going to say before they say it.
上述是丽莎·凯恩兹的观点，她说内向者在表达观点之前会先思考一遍。
Alice: Do you do that, Neil?
你会这么做吗，尼尔？
Neil: Nope!
不会！
Alice:
You should try it sometime. Now, Lisa also talks about the different
ways people recharge their batteries – introverts tend to need time
alone to regain their strength and energy when they're feeling drained –
or very tired – whereas extroverts often prefer to recharge by being
with other people.
你可以试一试。丽莎也讲述了人们给自己充电的不同方式。当内向者感到精疲力尽时，他们倾向于以独处的方式来给你自己充电，获取能量；而外向者倾向于和他人待在一起来补充能量。
Neil: So introverts create their energy internally – from within themselves– and extroverts recharge from being with other people.
所以内向者是自己给自己补充能量。而外向者需要和别人待在一起来补充能量。
Alice:
Exactly. But in some situations, for example at school or in the
workplace, things can be made suitable for – extroverts. Extroverts
typically love being with others – in a big class or an open plan office
– where there's a lot going on. They enjoy the external stimulation.
But introverts can find these big, noisy environments uncomfortable.
没错。在一些情形下，例如在学校或工作单位，外向者会感到更适应。外向者一般喜欢和他人相处——在大的班级或开放式办公室里，他们有很多和他人相处的机会。他们很享受外界刺激。但内向者可能会对这种大而嘈杂的环境感到不适应。
Neil:
I can see that. And these days, people are wild about group work and
brainstorming – job ads frequently ask if you are a people person, a
team player … and so on.
我明白了。如今，人们热衷于团体活动和头脑风暴——招聘启事上经常会问到：你是否善于与他人打交道，是否擅长团队合作等等。
Alice:
That's right. Introverts like to work alone or in small groups and need
a quieter space to perform well. Let's listen now to Dr Peter Aloka, a
researcher and psychologist in Kenya. He's been working with introvert
teenage mothers in Bondo who are returning to school after having their
babies. And schools are being asked to develop new strategies to support
their learning.
没错，内向者喜欢独自或在小群体内工作，他们在较安静的环境里才能表现得更好。我们来听听肯尼亚的研究学者及心理学家彼得·阿洛卡的看法。在邦多，他一直和内向的年轻母亲打交道，她们生完孩子后又重返学校。当地学校需要寻找新的方法来帮助她们学习。
Introverts
might find it easier working in groups, but with smaller groups, and
they work in pairs with extroverts… The teachers should design a
classroom for all the students too, to contribute. Whenever a teacher is
teaching a question in class let them allow for wait time for students
to process the information before answering the question. Just for
people to think through that question. Thinking, pairing, and sharing:
those three strategies will help the introverts to speak out.
内向者可能会觉得在团体中工作更加容易，但只是在小团体中，他们和外向者们结对工作。老师们应该设计一种课堂模式，所有的学生都能参与进来。在课堂上，无论何时，老师提出一个问题，都留出时间让学生们在回答问题之前先处理信息。让他们彻底地思考问题。思考，互相交流，共享观点，这三个方法可以帮助内向者大胆发言。
Neil:
Dr Peter Aloka is talking about some very clever pairing there. If you
put two introverts together they might not say anything. An extrovert is
likely to talk, but won't intimidate – or overpower – their introvert
partner as much as a large group would.
彼得·阿洛卡博士讲述了一种很智慧的两两配合的方法。如果将两个内向者放在一起，他们可能什么都不说。外向者会发言，但不会像在大的团体中一样咄咄逼人或压制他们内向的搭档。
Alice:
So the idea is that with fewer people – in a small group or a pair –
the introvert will have enough time and space to express their ideas.
And because their ideas have been thought through, or carefully
considered, their contribution is likely to be worth waiting for. So…
Think. Pair. Share.
所以和较少的人在一起——在小团体或两人的组合里——内向者能有足够的时间和空间去表达他们的观点。因为他们会认真思考自己的观点，他们的贡献值得等待。所以，思考，合作，分享。
Neil:
Hmm. I like that. OK, so I think it's time to share the answer to
today's quiz question. I asked: who first used the term extrovert? Was
it…a) Sigmund Freud? b) Friedrich Nietzsche? Or c) Carl Jung?
嗯，我喜欢这个。我想是时候分享今天问题的答案了。我问：谁最先使用外向这个术语？a)西格蒙德·弗洛伊德？b) 弗里德里希·尼采？还是c)卡尔·荣格？
Alice: I said… Carl Jung.
我选的是卡尔·荣格。
Neil:
And you were… right, Alice. So thinking things through really works!
Introvert and extrovert are the two basic personality types according to
the theories of the 20th-century Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung.
According to these theories, an introvert is a person whose interest
lies with their own feelings and thoughts, in contrast to an extrovert,
whose interest lies with other people and the outside world.
你答对了。所以深思熟虑真的管用！根据20世纪瑞士精神病学家卡尔·荣格的理论，内向者和外向者是两种基本的性格类型。根据这些理论，内向者的兴趣在于他们自身的感受和想法，相反，对于外向者来说，他们的兴趣依赖于其他人和外界。
Alice: OK. Now, let's hear the words we learned today:
好了，现在我们来听听今天学到的单词：
ambivert
中间性格者
reflective
沉思的
inner resources
内在的才力，精神财富
recharge their batteries
给自己充电
drained
精疲力竭
intimidate
威胁
thought through
彻底地想清楚
Neil:
Well, that's the end of this edition of 6 Minute English. Join us again
soon! Meanwhile, visit our website: bbclearningenglish. com, where
you'll find guides to grammar, exercises, videos and articles to read
and improve your English.
今天的英语六分钟就到这里了。我们下次再会！同时可以登录我们的网站bbclearningenglish. com，查看更多语法、练习、视频和文章，来提高自己的英语。
Alice: And we are on social media too. Make sure to visit our profiles on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.
我们也有社交媒体。大家可以在Facebook，推特，Instagram 和 YouTube上找到我们。
Both: Goodbye!
再见。
6 Minute English from the BBC.
BBC英语六分钟。
