正文
绝大多数 WEB 项目都会有报表开发的模块，对于客户来说可以直观了解各项数据的产生和使用情况，笔者最近接触的小贷系统也有报表打印模块，也参与到了报表开发中，这也是我第一次接触报表开发，这篇文章算是对完成之后的一番总结吧！
笔者接触的报表开发使用的工具是 ireport，iReport 是一个能够创建复杂报表的开源项目，使用纯 Java 编写，拥有非常丰富的图形界面，并且它能调用 JasperReports 库应用于任何一种 java 应用程序，JasperReports 支持 PDF、HTML、XLS、CSV 和 XML 文件输出格式，是开源报表工具中比较常用的。
这里我就用一个 web projects 来演示如何打印一张报表，包括 PDF、excel 格式的
工具准备
新建 Web Project，目录结构及所需要的jar包如下
具体可视情况而定，如果只要打印 pdf 可以去掉一些 jar 包的，这里我因为excel、htlml、ttf 等各种格式都打印了，所以全部加上吧；另外版本一定要对应：我用的是ireport5.6,jasperreports-5.6.0.jar 、 jasper-compiler-jdt-5.5.15.jar 、iText-2.1.7.js2.jar 也要是高版本，否则会报错，空指针之类的。
画报表，保存到 webroot/report/jrxml 路径下
报表的操作很简单，只要拖动、设置各种控件，就能迅速得到自己想要的报表，而通过数据的输入可以得到各种图表，这里就不详述 ireport 工具的操作使用了，我画的报表界面如下：
设置报表编译路径，保存到 webroot/report/jasper 路径下
从页面跳转到 servlet
为了简便，我就在 index.jsp 页面写了两超链接，分别打印 PDF 和 EXCEL 格式的报表，如下：
<body>
<a href="TestReport?type=pdf">PDF导出</a>
<br/>
<a href="TestReport?type=excel">excel导出</a>
</body>
JDBC 数据库连接(这里就罗列关键代码)
连接数据库
public static Connection getConnection() {
Connection connection = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/loans", "root", "root");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return connection;
}
查询数据库表数据
public static List selectAll(String sql){
ResultSet rs = null;
Statement statement = null;
Connection conn = null;
List dataList = new ArrayList();
try {
conn = getConnection();
statement = conn.createStatement();
rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
MakeLoanDetail makeLoanDetail = null;
while (rs.next()){
makeLoanDetail = new MakeLoanDetail();
//把值 set 到 javabean 对象
makeLoanDetail.setCustName(rs.getString(1));
makeLoanDetail.setCustIdNo(rs.getString(2));
makeLoanDetail.setBrdName(rs.getString(3));
makeLoanDetail.setApprAmt(rs.getDouble(4));
makeLoanDetail.setApprTerm(rs.getInt(5));
makeLoanDetail.setActvSysDt(rs.getDate(6));
makeLoanDetail.setActvUserId(rs.getString(7));
//最后把对象添加到 list 集合中去，dataList 将最终传到报表中去
dataList.add(makeLoanDetail);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//这里关闭 rs,statement,conn 资源
}
return dataList;
}
servlet 逻辑处理
public class TestReport extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Map parameterMap = new HashMap();
parameterMap.put("PRINT_DATE", new Date());//此处的键值对应报表 parameter 中的字段
String reportMode = "";
String type = request.getParameter("type");
if (type.equals("pdf")) {
reportMode = "pdf";
}else if (type.equals("excel")) {
reportMode = "excel";
}
String reportName = "WhLoan_Detail_Report";//报表名字，打印出来的报表名
String reportId = "WhLoan_Detail_Report";//报表Id,对应于webroot/report/jrxml 你保存的报表名
String sql = "SELECT CI.CUST_NAME,CI.cust_id_no,LB.BRD_NAME,APPR_AMT,APPR_TERM,ACTV_SYS_DT,ACTV_USER_ID"
+" FROM loan,cust_info CI,LOAN_BRD LB"//注意 FROM 前要有空格
+" WHERE loan.CUST_ID_CTRY = CI.CUST_ID_CTRY"//空格
+" AND LOAN.CUST_ID_NO = CI.CUST_ID_NO"//空格
+" AND LOAN.CUST_ID_TYPE = CI.CUST_ID_TYPE"
+" AND LOAN.LOAN_BRD = LB.BRD_ID";
try {
List dataList = SqlHelper.selectAll(sql);
ReportExporter.exportReport(request, response, reportId, reportMode, parameterMap, dataList, reportName);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
考虑到各大浏览器的兼容性，最好将 reportName 用英文而不是中文
ReportExporter 类
ReportExporter 封装了导出 pdf,excel,html等全部格式的方法，直接调用即可
public class ReportExporter {
/**
* 获取打印报表
*/
public static void exportReport(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String reportId,
String exportMode, Map parameterMap, List dataList, String downloadFileName) throws Exception {
Connection connection = null;
try {
if (dataList == null) {
connection = SqlHelper.getConnection();
}
ServletContext servletContext = request.getSession().getServletContext();
File jasperFile = new File(servletContext.getRealPath("/report/jasper/" + reportId + ".jasper"));
if (!jasperFile.exists())
throw new IOException("Report file can't be found");
if (parameterMap == null)
parameterMap = new HashMap();
//ireport3.0用这个
// JasperReport jasperReport = (JasperReport)JRLoader.loadObject(jasperFile.getPath());
JasperReport jasperReport = (JasperReport) JRLoader.loadObject(jasperFile);
JasperPrint jasperPrint = null;
if (dataList == null) {
jasperPrint = JasperFillManager.fillReport(jasperReport, parameterMap, connection);
} else {
JRDataSource source = new JRBeanCollectionDataSource(dataList);
jasperPrint = JasperFillManager.fillReport(jasperReport, parameterMap, source);
}
if (request.getHeader("User-Agent").toLowerCase().indexOf("firefox") > 0)
downloadFileName = new String(downloadFileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO8859-1");// firefox浏览器
else if (request.getHeader("User-Agent").toUpperCase().indexOf("MSIE") > 0)
downloadFileName = new String(downloadFileName.getBytes("gb2312"), "ISO8859-1");// IE浏览器
if (ReportExportMode.EXP_PDF_MODE.equalsIgnoreCase(exportMode)) {
exportPdf(response, jasperPrint, downloadFileName);
} else if (ReportExportMode.EXP_EXCEL_MODE.equalsIgnoreCase(exportMode)) {
exportExcel(response, jasperPrint, downloadFileName);
} else if ("word".equals(exportMode)) {
exportWord(response, jasperPrint, downloadFileName);
} else if ("rtf".equals(exportMode)) {
exportRTF(response, jasperPrint, downloadFileName);
} else if ("html".equals(exportMode)) {
exportHtml(response, jasperPrint, downloadFileName);
}
} finally {
if (dataList == null && connection != null)
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
}
}
}
/**
* pdf导出
*/
private static void exportPdf(HttpServletResponse response, JasperPrint jasperPrint, String downloadFileName)
throws JRException, IOException {
ServletOutputStream ouputStream = response.getOutputStream();
try {
JRPdfExporter exporter = new JRPdfExporter();
exporter.setParameter(JRExporterParameter.JASPER_PRINT, jasperPrint);
exporter.setParameter(JRExporterParameter.OUTPUT_STREAM, ouputStream);
response.setContentType("application/pdf;charset=utf-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + downloadFileName + ".pdf");
exporter.exportReport();
ouputStream.flush();
} finally {
try {
ouputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
/**
* excel导出
*/
private static void exportExcel(HttpServletResponse response, JasperPrint jasperPrint, String downloadFileName)
throws JRException, IOException {
ServletOutputStream ouputStream = response.getOutputStream();
try {
JRXlsExporter exporter = new JRXlsExporter();
exporter.setParameter(JRXlsExporterParameter.JASPER_PRINT, jasperPrint);
exporter.setParameter(JRXlsExporterParameter.OUTPUT_STREAM, ouputStream);
response.setContentType("application/vnd_ms-excel;charset=utf-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + downloadFileName + ".xls");
exporter.exportReport();
ouputStream.flush();
} finally {
try {
ouputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
/**
* 导出word
*/
private static void exportWord(HttpServletResponse response, JasperPrint jasperPrint, String downloadFileName)
throws JRException, IOException {
ServletOutputStream ouputStream = response.getOutputStream();
try {
JRExporter exporter = new JRRtfExporter();
exporter.setParameter(JRXlsExporterParameter.JASPER_PRINT, jasperPrint);
exporter.setParameter(JRXlsExporterParameter.OUTPUT_STREAM, ouputStream);
response.setContentType("application/msword;charset=utf-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + downloadFileName + ".doc");
exporter.exportReport();
ouputStream.flush();
} finally {
try {
ouputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
/**
* 导出RTF
*/
private static void exportRTF(HttpServletResponse response, JasperPrint jasperPrint, String downloadFileName)
throws JRException, IOException {
ServletOutputStream ouputStream = response.getOutputStream();
try {
JRExporter exporter = new JRRtfExporter();
exporter.setParameter(JRXlsExporterParameter.JASPER_PRINT, jasperPrint);
exporter.setParameter(JRXlsExporterParameter.OUTPUT_STREAM, ouputStream);
response.setContentType("application/rtf;charset=utf-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + downloadFileName + ".rtf");
exporter.exportReport();
ouputStream.flush();
} finally {
try {
ouputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
/**
* 导出html
*/
private static void exportHtml(HttpServletResponse response, JasperPrint jasperPrint, String downloadFileName)
throws JRException, IOException {
ServletOutputStream ouputStream = response.getOutputStream();
try {
JRHtmlExporter exporter = new JRHtmlExporter();
exporter.setParameter(JRExporterParameter.JASPER_PRINT, jasperPrint);
exporter.setParameter(JRExporterParameter.OUTPUT_STREAM, ouputStream);
exporter.setParameter(JRExporterParameter.CHARACTER_ENCODING, "UTF-8");
exporter.setParameter(JRHtmlExporterParameter.IS_USING_IMAGES_TO_ALIGN, Boolean.FALSE);
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
exporter.exportReport();
ouputStream.flush();
} finally {
try {
ouputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
}
ReportExportMode 类
public class ReportExportMode {
public static String EXP_PDF_MODE="PDF";
public static String EXP_EXCEL_MODE="EXCEL";
public static boolean isPDF(String mode){
return EXP_PDF_MODE.equals(mode);
}
public static boolean isEXCEL(String mode){
return EXP_EXCEL_MODE.equals(mode);
}
}
运行程序
点击 PDF 导出 和 EXCEL 导出
pdf 导出
excel导出
