我在前一篇文章
口语和写作遇到瓶颈了应该怎么办？
里面介绍了一种练习口语和写作的方法：复述。但有不少人反映不知道如何操作，今天我在这里重点说一下复述的具体操作流程。
对于刚开始接触复述的人来说，应该优先进行笔头复述练习，等到笔头练习比较熟练了再进行口语复述。这样做的主要原因是笔头复述时有更多的时间思考以及组织语句，难度要比口头复述低，更加适合入门。
复述的材料建议选择议论文，比如与教育、科技、环境、社会、经济、政府管理等话题相关的文章。这类主题在严肃讨论中经常遇到，同时也是各类考试作文的常见话题，实用性比较高。推荐使用新概念英语三和四，以及《经济学人》等外刊文章作为复述材料。
在入门复述之前可以先找一些句子，做单词以及句义的转换练习。比如：
1.
利用同义词进行转换：
原句：The survey
showed
that Britain’s trees are in good health.
转换：The survey
revealed
that Britain’s trees are in good health.
原句：The company is
losing ground to
its competitors.
转换：The company is
falling behind
its competitors.
2.
利用词性不同进行转换：
原句：New technology has also
made its own contribution
to noise.
转换：New technology has also
contributed
to noise.
原句：In autumn they often
weekend
in the West Hills.
转换：In autumn they often
spend their weekends
in the West Hills.
3.
利用不同句型进行转换
原句：
It is impossible to look for
life on another planet using earth-based telescopes.
转换：
Searching for life
on another planet using earth-based telescopes is
impossible
.
原句：He was
so weak that
he could hardly stand up.
转换：He was
too weak to
stand up.
在练习的时候可以尝试结合这三种方法，对一个句子进行改写。
在对词句的转换练习比较顺手后，可以着手对文章进行复述。在复述之前先精读文章，弄清楚所有生词的意思以及每一段的主要内容。
复述的时候可以采用“提纲法”：提取出每一段的中心句，同时标记出关键词。这些关键词相当于一个个“线索”，在复述的时候根据这些线索就能把整篇文章的意思概括出来。
下面我会以新概念三的一篇文章：Too high a price? 为例子，说明一下复述的流程。
这篇文章主要指出目前随着科技发展而产生的一系列问题，包括日益堆积的垃圾，各种疾病以及噪声污染，这些问题都值得我们深思。
文章第一段：
Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet.
When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it. We keep trying all four methods, but
the sheer volume of rubbish
we produce worldwide
threatens to overwhelm us
.
中心句：Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet.
关键词：the sheer volume of rubbish, threatens to overwhelm us
文章第二段：
Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet.
The need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.
Industrialized farming methods
produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and chicken.
The use of pesticides and fertilizers
produces cheap grain and vegetables. The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high:
Mad Cow Disease
(BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and
listeria
in dairy products. And if you think you’ll abandon meat and become a
vegetarian
, you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of
pesticides
every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water!
中心句：The need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.
关键词：industrialized farming methods, the use of pesticides and fertilizers, Mad Cow Disease, listeria, vegetarian, pesticides
文章第三段：
However, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise.
