图1.自供电应变传感结构和导电水凝胶的多功能特性的示意图。
图 2.（a） PVA/CNC/MWCNT-COOH 前驱体油墨，（b） DIW 印刷油墨示意图，（c，d） 物理和化学交联 PVA/CNC/MWCNT-COOH/TA （PCMT） 导电水凝胶的制备流程图。（e） PCMT 导电水凝胶的内部机理图。
图3. (a) Schematic diagram of the principle of DIW printed conductive hydrogel ink. (b) Measurement of PCM
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conductive hydrogel electrode under OM for different printing parameters on line width. (c) Physical image of DIW printed conductive hydrogel for printing complex patterns. (d) OM images of different printed line widths by DIW printing parameters. (e) FT-IR spectra of PCM
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and PCM
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hydrogels. (f) FTIR spectra of PCM
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, PCM
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, PCM
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, PCM
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, and PCM
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after varying the MWCNT-COOH concentration. Cross-sectional view of SEM images of hydrogel electrodes (g) without and (h) with TA treatment.
图4. (a) Stress–strain curves of conductive hydrogels with different MWCNT-COOH contents. (b) Stretchability of DIW printed PCMT hydrogel electrodes. (c) Adhesion test of PCMT conductive hydrogel on the surface of different substrates. (d) Schematic of the self-healing principle of PCMT conductive hydrogel. (e) Photographs of lit led before and after self-healing of PCMT conductive hydrogel. SEM images of PCMT conductive hydrogel before (f) and after (g) self-healing. (h) Plot of self-healing efficiency versus time after dropping TA solution on the cutoff hydrogel surface. (i) Photographs of the mechanical properties of PCMT hydrogels before and after self-healing.
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5. (a) Variation of tensile resistance of conductive hydrogels at different MWCNT-COOH concentrations. (b) Variation of PCMT conductive hydrogel resistance with increasing strain. (c) Strain response curves of the conductive hydrogel at the same strain level and different strain frequencies. DIW printed wearable strain sensors based on PCMT hydrogel were investigated for detecting the movement of different joints in the human body including (d) fingers, (e) elbows, (f) wrists, (g) anterior side of the knee and (h) posterior side of the knee. Resistance change of (i) conductive hydrogel at 100% elongation over 300 cycles.
图6. (a) Schematic structure of PCMT-TENG. (b) Comparison of the output voltage of PCMT-TENG under different MWCNT-COOH concentrations. (c) Comparison of the output currents of PCMT-TENG under different MWCNT-COOH concentrations. (d) Comparison of output voltages of PCMT-TENG under different contact areas. (e) Comparison of output voltage of PCMT-TENG under different frequencies. (f) Dependence of output voltage and output current of PCMT-TENG on different external load resistors. (g) Dependence of power density of PCMT-TENG on different external load resistors. (h) Charging by commercial capacitors with PCMT-TENG of 0.047, 0.1, and 0.2 μF, respectively (i) continuous charging and discharging with capacitors with PCMT-TENG of 0.47 μF.
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7. (a) Block diagram and operating principle of the integrated sensing system. (b) Self-powered strain sensing system for detecting actual human wrist bending. (c) Schematic of the operation of a self-powered strain sensing system for real-time monitoring of human movement using 5G signal transmission. (d) Real-time response signals of wrist movement are measured by the sensing and displayed on a phone.
