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来源:foreach_break,
www.cnblogs.com/foreach-break/p/hotspot_jvm_resolve_and_link.html
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1、背景
上文探讨了:【JVM】模板解释器–如何根据字节码生成汇编码?(http://www.cnblogs.com/foreach-break/p/jvm-template-interpreter-bytecode-assembly.html)
本篇,我们来关注下字节码的resolve过程。
2、问题及准备工作
上文虽然探讨了字节码到汇编码的过程,但是:
mov %rax,%(rcx,rbx,1) // 0x89 0x04 0x19
其中为什么要指定0×04和0×19呢?
搬出我们的代码:
public int swap2(CallBy a,CallBy b) {
int t = a.value;
a.value = b.value;
b.value = t;
return t;
}
换句话讲,我们的汇编代码是要将b.value赋给a.value:
//b.value怎么来的呢?
a.value = b.value
b.value是个整形的field,上述代码的关键字节码是putfield,而模板解释器在初始化的时候(非运行时,这也是模板的意义所在)会调用下面的函数来生成对应的汇编码:
void TemplateTable::putfield_or_static(int byte_no, bool is_static) {
transition(vtos, vtos);
const Register cache = rcx;
const Register index = rdx;
const Register obj = rcx;
const Register off = rbx;
const Register flags = rax;
const Register bc = c_rarg3;
/********************************
* 关键:这个函数在做什么?
********************************/
resolve_cache_and_index(byte_no, cache, index, sizeof(u2));
jvmti_post_field_mod(cache, index, is_static);
// 上面resolve后,直接从cp cache中对应的entry中就可以获取到field
load_field_cp_cache_entry(obj, cache, index, off, flags, is_static);
// [jk] not needed currently
// volatile_barrier(Assembler::Membar_mask_bits(Assembler::LoadStore |
// Assembler::StoreStore));
Label notVolatile, Done;
__ movl(rdx, flags);
__ shrl(rdx, ConstantPoolCacheEntry::is_volatile_shift);
__ andl(rdx, 0x1);
// field address
const Address field(obj, off, Address::times_1);
Label notByte, notInt, notShort, notChar,
notLong, notFloat, notObj, notDouble;
__ shrl(flags, ConstantPoolCacheEntry::tos_state_shift);
assert(btos == 0, "change code, btos != 0");
__ andl(flags, ConstantPoolCacheEntry::tos_state_mask);
__ jcc(Assembler::notZero, notByte);
// btos
// ...
// atos
// ...
// itos
{
/***************************************
* itos类型,我们的b.value是个整形,
* 所以对应的机器级别的类型是i,表示整形
****************************************/
__ pop(itos);
if (!is_static) pop_and_check_object(obj);
// 这里就是生成汇编码,也就是上篇博文探讨的主要内容了
__ movl(field, rax);
if (!is_static) {
patch_bytecode(Bytecodes::_fast_iputfield, bc, rbx, true, byte_no);
}
__ jmp(Done);
}
__ bind(notInt);
__ cmpl(flags, ctos);
__ jcc(Assembler::notEqual, notChar);
// ctos
// ...
// stos
// ...
// ltos
// ...
// ftos
// ...
// dtos
// ...
// Check for volatile store
// ...
}
3、field、class的符号解析及链接
3.1、resolve_cache_and_index
来看看上面代码中的关键点:
// 1. 根据不同的字节码,选择对应的resolve函数.
// 2. 调用resolve函数.
// 3. 根据resolve后的结果,更新寄存器信息,做好衔接.
void TemplateTable::resolve_cache_and_index(int byte_no,
Register Rcache,
Register index,
size_t index_size) {
const Register temp = rbx;
assert_different_registers(Rcache, index, temp);
Label resolved;
assert(byte_no == f1_byte || byte_no == f2_byte, "byte_no out of range");
/****************
* 关键点1
*****************/
__ get_cache_and_index_and_bytecode_at_bcp(Rcache, index, temp, byte_no, 1, index_size);
__ cmpl(temp, (int) bytecode()); // have we resolved this bytecode?
__ jcc(Assembler::equal, resolved);
// resolve first time through
address entry;
switch (bytecode()) {
case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
case Bytecodes::_getfield:
case Bytecodes::_putfield:
/****************
* 关键点2
*****************/
entry = CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, InterpreterRuntime::resolve_get_put);
break;
// ...
default:
fatal(err_msg("unexpected bytecode: %s", Bytecodes::name(bytecode())));
break;
}
//
__ movl(temp, (int) bytecode());
__ call_VM(noreg, entry, temp);
//
// Update registers with resolved info
__ get_cache_and_index_at_bcp(Rcache, index, 1, index_size);
__ bind(resolved);
}
上面的代码又有两个关键点:
3.2、get_cache_and_index_and_bytecode_at_bcp
–get_cache_and_index_and_bytecode_at_bcp函数,主要做的一些工作如下文所述。
cp cache指ConstantPoolCache,注意这不是一个一般意义上的缓存,其目的是用于解释器执行时,对字节码进行resolve的。
对给定的bytecode,在cp cache中查找是否已经存在,如果不存在要进行resolve.至于cp cache问题,最后再说。
进行resolve的主要内容:
– InterpreterRuntime::resolve_get_put
– InterpreterRuntime::resolve_invoke
– InterpreterRuntime::resolve_invokehandle
– InterpreterRuntime::resolve_invokedynamic
3.3、resolve_get_put
因为我们的putfield字节码会选择函数resolve_get_put来进行resolve,来关注这个过程:
IRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::resolve_get_put(JavaThread* thread, Bytecodes::Code bytecode))
// resolve field
fieldDescriptor info;
constantPoolHandle pool(thread, method(thread)->constants());
bool is_put = (bytecode == Bytecodes::_putfield || bytecode == Bytecodes::_putstatic);
bool is_static = (bytecode == Bytecodes::_getstatic || bytecode == Bytecodes::_putstatic);
{
JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(thread);
/*******************
* 关键点
********************/
LinkResolver::resolve_field_access(info, pool, get_index_u2_cpcache(thread, bytecode),
bytecode, CHECK);
} // end JvmtiHideSingleStepping
// check if link resolution caused cpCache to be updated
if (already_resolved(thread)) return;
// compute auxiliary field attributes
TosState state = as_TosState(info.field_type());
Bytecodes::Code put_code = (Bytecodes::Code)0;
InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(info.field_holder());
bool uninitialized_static = ((bytecode == Bytecodes::_getstatic || bytecode == Bytecodes::_putstatic) &&
!klass->is_initialized());
Bytecodes::Code get_code = (Bytecodes::Code)0;
if (!uninitialized_static) {
get_code = ((is_static) ? Bytecodes::_getstatic : Bytecodes::_getfield);
if (is_put || !info.access_flags().is_final()) {
put_code = ((is_static) ? Bytecodes::_putstatic : Bytecodes::_putfield);
}
}
// 设置cp cache entry
// 1. field的存/取字节码.
// 2. field所属的InstanceKlass(Java类在VM层面的抽象)指针.
// 3. index和offset
// 4. field在机器级别的类型状态.因为机器级别只有i(整)、a(引用)、v(void)等类型,这一点也可以帮助理解为什么解释器在生成汇编代码时,需要判断tos.
// 5. field是否final的.
// 6. field是否volatile的.
// 7. 常量池的holder(InstanceKlass*类型).
cache_entry(thread)->set_field(
get_code,
put_code,
info.field_holder(),
info.index(),
info.offset(),
state,
info.access_flags().is_final(),
info.access_flags().is_volatile(),
pool->pool_holder()
);
IRT_END
注意tos这个点:
其中,tos是指 T op– O f– S tack,也就是操作数栈(vm实现中是expression stack)顶的东东的类型.
上面的代码中又标出一个关键点:
3.4、resolve_field_access
看代码:
// 对field进行resolve,并检查其可访问性等信息
void LinkResolver::resolve_field_access(fieldDescriptor& result, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, Bytecodes::Code byte, TRAPS) {
// Load these early in case the resolve of the containing klass fails
// 从常量池中获取field符号
Symbol* field = pool->name_ref_at(index);
// 从常量池中获取field的签名符号
Symbol* sig = pool->signature_ref_at(index);
// resolve specified klass
KlassHandle resolved_klass;
// 关键点1
resolve_klass(resolved_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
// 关键点2
KlassHandle current_klass(THREAD, pool->pool_holder());
resolve_field(result, resolved_klass, field, sig, current_klass, byte, true, true, CHECK);
}
注意到上面的代码还调用了resolve_klass和resolve_field,我们一个一个看,
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