张伯瑜｜“职业化”是否可成为开解“非遗”音乐传承的一把钥匙？【《中国音乐》系列讲座（二十五）】

中国音乐ChineseMusic · 公众号 · · 2024-12-22 10:00

正文

“职业化”是否可成为开解“非遗”音乐传承的一把钥匙？

【《中国音乐》系列讲座（二十五）】

张伯瑜

摘要 : 中国“非遗”音乐保护取得了巨大的成绩，也遇到了一些困难，其中传承问题是比较突出的问题之一。国家投入的资金在提高人们的“非遗”意识、“非遗”材料的收集整理、“非遗”机构的建立、“非遗”的相关活动等方面均发挥了重要作用，但是，在“非遗”传承上的作用有限，对于很多“非遗”音乐项目，传承问题至今没能得到解决。面对“非遗”保护中存在的问题，应用民族音乐学能够提供什么帮助？笔者写作此文，以践行应用民族音乐学的价值与意义。文章提出了“非遗”音乐从原有“文化整体”脱离后，成为单纯的舞台化艺术。“舞台化”不能全部接纳所有“非遗”音乐，由此而弱化了传承的动力。“非遗”音乐传承人的“职业化”是否能够增强传承的动力？能否具有实践的可能性？笔者想通过此文与大家商讨，并引起“非遗”工作部门的重视。

关键词 : 非遗音乐；非遗传承；文化整体；传承人；职业化

中图分类号 : J607 文献标识码 : A

文章编号 : 1002-9923（2024）04-0006-09

DOI: 10.13812/j.cnki.cn11-1379/j.2024.04.001

作者简介: 张伯瑜（1958— ），男，汉族，香港中文大学（深圳）音乐学院教授，中央音乐学院博士生导师。

Can "Professionalization" Be a Key to Solving the Inheritance of "Intangible Cultural Heritage" Music?

○Zhang Bo Yu

Abstract: China has made significant achievements in the protection of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) music, but it has also encountered several challenges, among which the issue of inheritance is particularly prominent. The funding provided by the state has played an important role in raising awareness of ICH, collecting and organizing ICH materials, establishing ICH institutions, and conducting related activities. However, its impact on the inheritance of ICH has been limited, and the inheritance issue remains unresolved for many ICH music projects. What assistance can applied ethnomusicology offer in addressing the challenges in ICH protection? This paper aims to demonstrate the value and significance of applied ethnomusicology. The article suggests that after separating from its original "cultural whole", ICH music often becomes merely a form of staged art. This "staging" cannot fully encompass all ICH music, thereby weakening the motivation for its inheritance. Can the "professionalization" of ICH music inheritors enhance the motivation for inheritance? Is it practically feasible? Through this paper, the author intends to discuss these questions with readers and draw the attention of ICH work departments.

Keywords: Intangible Cultural Heritage Music; ICH Inheritance; Cultural Whole; Inheritors; Professionalization