Risks and Benefits of Fish Soup Consumption 饮用鱼汤的风险和益处

广东疾控 · 公众号 · 养生 · 2017-07-12 21:37

正文

FISH

Fish soup has been regarded as a nutritious food and is considered by the Chinese traditionally to be particularly good for lactating women as part of the postpartum confinement diet. Public concern has been raised that the contaminants present in the fish may leach into the soup which may pose risk to their foetus and infant if the pregnant or lactating women drink fish soup frequently.

众所周知，鱼汤营养丰富，也是中国传统上认为适合作为哺乳期妇女产后的调理膳食。然而引起市民关注的是，鱼类所含的污染物可能会渗进鱼汤，孕妇或哺乳期妇女若经常饮用此类鱼汤有可能会对胎儿及新生儿造成风险。

Fishcontain high quality proteins and many essential nutrients, such as long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFAs) (i.e. omega-3 fatty acids). On the other hand, fish may also contain higher levels of contaminants such as methylmercury, and dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

鱼类含优质蛋白质和多种必要营养素，例如长链n-3多元不饱和脂肪酸（即奥米加-3脂肪酸）。不过，鱼类可能含有分量颇高的污染物，如甲基汞、二恶英和二恶英样多氯联苯。

Safety and Public Health Significance

安全性和对公众健康的影响

Methymercury, an organic form of mercury, is the most toxic form of mercury. The primary health effect of methylmercury is impaired neurological development of foetuses, infants and children. Methylmercury can cross the placenta into the foetus in pregnant women and build up in the foetal brain and other tissues. In addition, infants may be exposed to methylmercury through breast milk but its transport from blood to milk is less efficient than transport across the blood-brain and blood-placenta barriers. Therefore, methylmercury exposure of infants through lactation is lower than exposure of foetues.

甲基汞是有机形态的汞，属最强毒性的汞形态。甲基汞对健康的主要影响是导致胎儿、新生儿和儿童的脑神经发育不全。甲基汞可经由孕妇的胎盘进入胎儿体内，在胎儿脑部和身体其他组织积聚。此外，新生儿也会从母乳中摄入甲基汞。不过，经由血液输送至乳汁的甲基汞的效率要低于经输送血脑屏障和血胎盘屏障的概率。因此，新生儿从母乳摄入甲基汞的分量会低于胎儿所摄入的分量。

Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ubiquitous in the environment. Dioxins occur naturally and as by-products of combustion and various industrial processes, in contrast, PCBs were manufactured in the past for a variety of industrial uses, and their uses have been banned by most countries since 1970s. Concerns on dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs are mainly due to their toxic effects on a number of systems, including endocrine and immune systems, the developing nervous system and their cancer-causing potentials. Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs can excrete from breast milk.

二恶英和二恶英样多氯联苯普遍存在环境中，属持久性有机污染物。二恶英可自然形成，也是燃烧及各种工业过程产生的副产品。反之，多氯联苯则是人工制造的物质，以前作不同工业用途，但自上世纪七十年代开始，大部分国家已纷纷禁用。两者之所以引起关注，主要在于其对身体多个系统（包括内分泌和免疫系统、发育中的神经系统）产生毒性，以及诱发癌症的潜在风险。二恶英和二恶英样多氯联苯均可经由母乳排出体外。

Advice to public 给市民的建议

The public is advised to maintain a balanced and varied diet, including a variety of fruits and vegetables.

市民应保持均衡及多元化的饮食，包括进食多种蔬果。

Since fish contain many essential nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids and high quality proteins, moderate consumption (including pregnant women and young children) of a variety of fish is recommended. In addition, fish soup can be a source of nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids.

鱼类含有奥米加-3脂肪酸和优质蛋白质等多种人体所需的营养素，市民（包括孕妇和幼童）应适量进食多种鱼类。此外，鱼汤也是奥米加-3脂肪酸等营养素的来源。

Pregnant women, women planning pregnancy and young children should avoid eating predatory fish and the types of fish that may contain high levels of methylmercury (e.g. tuna, alfonsino, swordfish, marlin, orange roughy and king mackerel).