专栏名称: 广东疾控

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Don't use aspirin to relieve fever from chickenpox. 勿用阿司匹林缓解水痘发热

广东疾控 · 公众号 · 养生 · 2017-04-06 21:32

正文

Prevention

预防

The best way to prevent chickenpox is to get the chickenpox vaccine. Children, adolescents, and adults should get two doses of chickenpox vaccine.

Chickenpox vaccine is very safe and effective at preventing the disease. Most people who get the vaccine will not get chickenpox. If a vaccinated person does get chickenpox, it is usually mild—with fewer red spots or blisters and mild or no fever. The chickenpox vaccine prevents almost all cases of severe disease.

预防水痘的最好的办法就是接种水痘疫苗。儿童、青少年以及成人都应该接种2剂量水痘疫苗。

水痘疫苗非常安全且有效，接种了疫苗的人大多数都不会患水痘。如果接种疫苗后还是患了水痘，症状也往往较轻，伴有少量红疹或水泡，低烧甚至不发烧。水痘疫苗可以预防几乎所有重症水痘。

For people exposed to chickenpox, call a health care provider if the person

has never had chickenpox disease and is not vaccinated with the chickenpox vaccine
is pregnant
has a weakened immune system caused by disease or medication; for example,

o People with HIV/AIDS or cancer

o Patients who have had transplants, and

o People on chemotherapy, immunosuppressive medications, or long-term use of steroids

接触了水痘的人，如果有以下情况，需要就医：

从未患过水痘，也未接种过水痘疫苗。
怀孕。
由于患病或药物而导致免疫系统功能较弱，如

o HIV感染者/艾滋病患者或癌症

o 曾接受器官移植的患者

o 接受化疗、服用免疫抑制类药物或长期服用类固醇的人群

Treatments at Home for People with Chickenpox

居家治疗水痘

There are several things that can be done at home to help relieve the symptoms and prevent skin infections. Calamine lotion and colloidal oatmeal baths may help relieve some of the itching. Keeping fingernails trimmed short may help prevent skin infections caused by scratching blisters.

家中可采取多种方式减轻症状以及避免皮肤感染。使用炉甘石洗剂和胶状燕麦沐浴可以缓解瘙痒。勤剪指甲有助于避免由于抓挠水痘导致的皮肤感染。

Over-the-counter Medications

非处方用药

Use non-aspirin medications, such as acetaminophen, to relieve fever from chickenpox.

Do not use aspirin or aspirin-containing products to relieve fever from chickenpox. The use of aspirin in children with chickenpox has been associated with Reye’s syndrome, a severe disease that affects the liver and brain and can cause death.

使用非阿司匹林药物，例如扑热息痛，减轻水痘导致的发热。

不要使用阿司匹林或者含阿司匹林的药物来缓解由于患水痘而引起的发热。患水痘的儿童使用阿司匹林药物已被证实与雷氏症候群相关，这是一个会影响肝脏和大脑的严重疾病，可导致死亡。

When to Call the Health Care Provider

什么情况下要就医？

Some people are more likely to have a serious case of chickenpox. Call a health care provider if

1. the person at risk of serious complications:

🔸 is less than 1 year-old

🔸 is older than 12 years of age

🔸 has a weakened immune system

🔸 is pregnant, or

2. develops any of the following symptoms:

🔸 fever that lasts longer than 4 days

🔸 fever that rises above 102°F (38.9°C)

🔸 any areas of the rash or any part of the body becomes very red, warm, or tender, or begins leaking pus (thick, discolored fluid), since these symptoms may indicate a bacterial infection

🔸 extreme illness

🔸 difficult waking up or confused demeanor

🔸 difficulty walking

🔸 stiff neck

🔸 frequent vomiting

🔸 difficulty breathing

🔸 severe cough

🔸 severe abdominal pain

🔸 rash with bleeding or bruising (hemorrhagic rash)