Scrub Typhus 恙虫病

广东疾控 · 公众号 · 养生 · 2017-06-02 21:15

正文

Scrub typhus, also known as bush typhus, is a disease caused by a bacteria called Orientia tsutsugamushi. Scrub typhus is spread to people through bites of infected chiggers (larval mites). The most common symptoms of scrub typhus include fever, headache, body aches, and sometimes rash. Most cases of scrub typhus occur in rural areas of Southeast Asia, Indonesia, China, Japan, India, and northern Australia. Anyone living in or traveling to areas where scrub typhus is found could get infected.

恙虫病，又名丛林斑疹伤寒，是由一种叫恙虫病立克次体的细菌引起的疾病。恙虫病通过感染疾病的恙螨（幼螨）叮咬人传播。恙虫病的常见症状包括发热、头痛、身体疼痛，有时会出现皮疹。病例大多发生在东南亚、印度尼西亚、中国、日本、印度和澳洲北部的农村地区。任何在有恙虫病的地区居住或旅行的人都可能感染。

Signs and Symptoms

体征和症状

Symptoms of scrub typhus usually begin within 10 days of being bitten. Signs and symptoms may include:

恙虫病的症状往往在被叮咬后十天内出现。体征和症状包括：

Fever and chills
Headache
Body aches and muscle pain
A dark, scab-like region at the site of the chigger bite (also known as eschar)
Mental changes, ranging from confusion to coma
Enlarged lymph nodes
Rash
发热和寒颤
头痛
身体和肌肉疼痛
被咬处出现深色结痂（也称为焦痂）
精神状态改变，从意识模糊到昏迷
淋巴结肿大
皮疹

People with severe illness may develop organ failure and bleeding, which can be fatal if left untreated.

重症患者可能出现器官衰竭和出血，如果不及时治疗可能致命。

Prevention

预防

Figure 2. Adult and larval chiggers (mites)

恙螨（螨虫）的成虫和幼虫

No vaccine is available to prevent scrub typhus.
Reduce your risk of getting scrub typhus by avoiding contact with infected chiggers.
When traveling to areas where scrub typhus is common, avoid areas with lots of vegetation and brush where chiggers may be found.
恙虫病没有疫苗可预防。
避免与感染的恙螨接触可以降低患恙虫病的风险。
当到恙虫病的流行地区旅行，避免到可能发现恙螨的植物或灌木丛中逗留。

If you will be spending time outdoors:

如果你需要在户外逗留：

Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents that contain 20% to 30% DEET, or other active ingredients registered for use against chiggers, on exposed skin and clothing.

Always follow product instructions.
Reapply insect repellent as directed.
Do not spray repellent on the skin under clothing.
If you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen before applying insect repellent.

在暴露的皮肤和衣服上使用美国国家环境保护局注册的含20%-30%避蚊胺成分的昆虫驱避剂，或者其他注册用于抵御恙虫的活性成分。

始终按产品说明使用。
按说明重复使用昆虫驱避剂。
不要把昆虫驱避剂喷在被衣服覆盖的皮肤上。
如果你也使用防晒霜，要先使用防晒霜，然后再用昆虫驱避剂。

If you have a baby or child:

Do not use insect repellent on babies younger than 2 months of age.
Dress your child in clothing that covers arms and legs, or cover crib, stroller, and baby carrier with mosquito netting.
Do not apply insect repellent onto a child’s hands, eyes, or mouth or on cuts or irritated skin.
Adults: Spray insect repellent onto your hands and then apply to child’s face.

如果有婴儿或儿童：

不将昆虫驱避剂用于2月龄以下的儿童。
给孩子穿上覆盖手臂和腿部的衣服，或者用蚊帐盖住婴儿床、婴儿车和童车。
不要把昆虫驱避剂涂在儿童的手、眼睛、嘴上，或是在伤口或发炎的皮肤上。
成人：将昆虫驱避剂喷在自己的手上，然后涂抹到儿童的脸部。

Treat clothing and gear with permethrin or purchase permethrin-treated items.

Permethrin kills chiggers and can be used to treat boots, clothing, and camping gear.
Treated clothing remains protective after multiple washings. See product information to learn how long the protection will last.
If treating items yourself, follow the product instructions carefully.
Do NOT use permethrin products directly on skin. They are intended to treat clothing.

在服装和工具上使用苄氯菊酯或者使用苄氯菊酯处理过的物品。

苄氯菊酯可以杀死螨虫，可被用于靴子、衣服和露营用品上。
处理过的衣服经多次洗涤后仍有防护效果。可以查看产品说明了解防护效果的持续时间。
如果自己对衣物或工具进行处理，要认真按照产品介绍进行。
不要直接把苄氯菊酯用于皮肤上，它们是用于处理衣服的。

（来源：美国疾控中心）

（感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导）

统筹：宁可儿

翻译：雷未明

美编：晓马哥

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