Travel Health Advice——During the Trip 旅游保健建议——旅途中

• Always wash hands before eating and after going to toilets.

• Take only thoroughly cooked food.

• Avoid partially cooked seafood including shellfish.

• Drink only boiled water or bottled drinks by reputable companies, and pasterurised milk or dairy products.

• Avoid drinks prepared by ice of unknown origin.

• Avoid peeled fruits and vegetables not thoroughly cleaned.

• Do not patronise street-side unlicensed food hawkers.

Mosquito can transmit several lethal diseases such as yellow fever, dengue fever and malaria. Personal protection measures are paramount at all times. Always carry out the following measures to prevent insect bite:

• Avoid being outdoors during mosquito feeding times (between dusk and dawn for Malaria; daytime for Dengue Fever).

• Rest in air-conditioned or well-screened rooms.

• Use aerosol insecticide indoor and use bed nets if sleeping areas are not air-conditioned or screened.

• Use insect repellents containing DEET on exposed skin and clothings. 

• If travelling in endemic rural areas, carry a portable bed net and apply permethrin on it as well as to clothes.

蚊子能传播几种致命疾病，如黄热病、登革热、西尼罗病毒及疟疾等。因此，个人保护措施是不能轻视的，故要努力实行以下的防蚊措施：

• 避免在蚊子觅食时间留在户外地方(疟蚊喜欢在黄昏至清晨觅食，而传播登革热的伊蚊则喜欢在日间觅食)

• 旅行者应时常穿着长袖子的衬衫和裤子；

• 住宿于有空调或装有防蚊网的地方；

• 如果住宿的地方没有防蚊或空调设施，最好使用杀蚊喷剂及睡在蚊帐内；

• 在外露的皮肤及衣服上搽上含有避蚊胺，即DEET驱蚊剂；

• 如果旅行者要前往山林地区，应携带蚊帐和将氯菊酯喷在衣服或蚊帐上以增加保护。 

• In areas of endemic Rabies, even domestic dogs and cats should not be petted. Avoid contact with wild animals, especially bats, jackals and monkeys.

• When bitten by an animal abroad, seek local competent opinion as to the possibility of Rabies in the area. There is a vaccine available for those who have chances to catch the disease.

• Avoid areas of rodent infestation. Do not touch sick rodents like squirrels, prairie dogs.

• 狂犬病疫区，不要接触野生动物如蝙蝠、胡狼和猴子，就算是有人饲养的猫狗也不可以。

• 如在外地被动物咬伤，应请教当地专家，看有没有感染狂犬病的可能。如有机会染上狂犬病可接受适当疫苗注射。

• 避免前往啮齿类动物集居的地方，不要接触有病的啮齿类动物如松鼠、犬鼠等。

• Beware of the dangers of casual sex while you are abroad.

• A single exposure is sufficient to transmit the HIV virus (which causes AIDS) or other sexually transmitted diseases if your sexual partner happens to be a carrier.

• Using condoms correctly provides some protection from getting those sexually transmitted diseases but the golden rule is to refrain from promiscuity and never have sex with strangers.

• 要留意逢场作兴的性关系的危险。

• 如性伴侣是带菌者，一次无保护的性接触足以令人感染爱滋病或其他性病。

• 正确使用安全套可于性接触时减低染上性病的机会，但最重要的是不要滥交及避免与陌生人性交。

• Traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among travellers.

• Those hiring vehicles should check carefully the insurance coverage, as well as the state of the tyres, safety belts, lights, brakes, etc.

• Avoid night driving.

• Do not drive for long distance on the road without intermittent rest.

• Be careful in high-risk activities like sky diving, shooting rapids, high altitude trekking, diving etc.

• 交通意外是导致旅游者死亡的主要原因。

• 租用车辆前应小心检阅保险条款，也要检查清楚车胎、安全带，车灯及发动机等的状态。

• 避免夜间行车。

• 避免没有间断的长时间驾驶。

• 应小心进行高危险性的活动如跳伞、激流、登山等。

• Avoid bathing in fresh water rivers and lakes in the tropics which may be infested with parasites (schistosomiasis) that can penetrate the skin and cause illness.

• Do not swim in polluted waters which are linked to eye, ear and intestinal infections.

• Swimming in sea does not in principle involve any risk of communicable diseases. Beware of jellyfish stings, which may cause severe pain and skin irritation. Also watch out for current.

• Do not walk barefoot in watery rice paddies, or muddy land.

• Footwear should be worn to protect against parasites and when exploring coral waters.

• 避免在热带地区中的淡水河流及湖泊戏水。水中可能有寄生虫(血吸虫)能穿过皮肤引致疾病。

• 不要在已被污染的水中游泳，否则有可能染上眼、耳或肠道的传染病。

• 海中畅泳原则上不会感染传染病，但要小心勿被水母灼伤，因会引起剧痛及皮肤不适；亦要留心水流方向。

• 切勿赤足于稻米田间或泥地上。

• 寻看水中珊瑚时，应穿着鞋子，以防寄生虫侵害。

• Exposure to extreme high temperature or low temperature may cause illnesses.

• In high temperature and humid environment, excessive exercise can lead to loss of body fluid and salt, causing the person to become exhausted. Travellers should prepare enough drinking water for replenishment, in order to avoid heat-stroke.

• Senior citizens perspire less and are more susceptible to suffer from heat-stroke in hot weather. They should avoid sun exposure at noon, remain in shady and cool place (may wear wide-brimmed hats), and take more rest.

• Children and overweight people may develop hot rash easily. Fungal skin infections such as tinea tend to get worse in hot and humid environment.

• Shower every day, put on loose cotton cloths and apply talcum powder will help alleviate the condition.

• Excessively cold will lead to the frostbite, chilblains, and even hypothermia.Preventive measures include :

1. Put on enough winter clothes (avoid excessively tight-fitting clothing).

2. Cover the head, neck and four limbs.

3. Remove wet clothes as soon as possible

4. Do not smoke and drink.

5. Do not touch metals with bare hands

• 暴露在极度高温或低温下都可引致生病。

• 于高温及潮湿的情况下，运动过度会引致身体水份及盐份流失，使人疲惫。旅游人士应预备足够的食水，以作补充，避免中暑。

• 老年人出汗较少，天气热时较易患上中暑，应避免在正午时曝晒，要留于阴凉处(可戴阔边帽)，要多休息。

• 小孩和肥胖人士常会产生痱子。真菌类皮肤病，例如癣，会于炎热及潮湿情况下恶化。

• 每天淋浴、穿宽松的棉衣和涂上爽身粉会帮助减轻病情。

• 过度的寒冷会引至冻伤、冻疮、甚至低温症。预防措施包括：

1. 穿上足够的御寒衣物(避免过度紧身)。

2. 遮盖头部、颈及四肢。

3. 迅速脱掉被弄湿的衣物。

4. 不要吸烟及喝酒。

5. 不要徒手触摸金属。

（来源：香港卫生署旅游健康服务）

统筹：宁可儿

整理：雷未明

美编：晓马哥