镇静后的清醒纤维支气管镜插管(Awake fibre-optic intubation,AFOI) 并不是没有风险的,血氧的下降仍是这类患者会面临的重要现实的问题[1]。皇家麻醉医师学院第四次国家审计项目(The fourth national audit project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists ,NAP4)调研得出,过度镇静是导致AFOI失败引起严重低氧的原因之一[2]。S. Badiger等人也在文章中提出:使用镇静药物常会诱导肺换气不足或呼吸暂停的发生[1]。对于高龄、体弱或如重度OSAHS等上呼吸道严重受阻的患者而言,苯二氮卓类药物或其与阿片类药物的联合使用引起的过度镇静,可使患者的呼吸减弱、循环抑制,甚至出现意识消失、呼吸停止而危及生命[1],[3]~[5]。
1S. Badiger, M. John, R. A. Fearnley, I. Ahmad.Optimizing oxygenation and intubation conditions during awake fibre-optic intubation using a high-flow nasal oxygen-delivery system. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115(4): 629-32.2Royal College of Anaesthetists and The Difficult Airway Society. 4th National Audit Project. Major Complications of Airway Management in the United Kingdom. Report and findings,London, 2011.3Ankichetty S, Wong J, Chung F. A systematic review of the effects of sedatives and anesthetics in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2011,27(4):447-458.4American Society of Anesthesiologists:Practice guidelines for the perioprrative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology.2014,120(2): 268-286.5Mickelson SA. Preoperative and Postoperative Management of Obstructive sleep Apnea Ptients. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2007, 40(4)): 877-889.6Hung NK, Wu CT, Chan SM, et al. The effect on postoperative sore throat of spraying the endotracheal tube cuff with benzydamine hydrochloride, 10% lidocaine, and 2% lidocaine[J]. Anesth Analg, 2010, 111(4): 882-886.7Huang YS, Hung NK, Lee MS, et al. The effectiveness of benzydamine hydrochloride spray on the endotracheal tube cuff or oral mucosa for postoperative sore throat[J]. Anesth Analg, 2010, 111(4): 887-891.8Honma K, Kamachi M, Akamatsu Y, et al. Lidocaine spray 10 min prior to intubation: effects on postoperative sore throat[J].J Anesth, 2010, 24(6): 962-965.9Chengyuan liu, Yanan Zhu, Zhongyue Zhou,et al. Ultrasonic nebulization extraction/low pressure photoionization mass spectrometry for direct ananlysis of chemicals in matrices[J].Analytica Chimica Acta ,2015,891:203-210.