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Alice: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，欢迎收听英语六分钟节目，我是爱丽丝。
Neil: And I’m Neil. Can you pass me my drink, Alice?
我是尼尔。爱丽丝，你能把我的饮料递给我吗？
Alice: Cola, Neil? That’s very unhealthy.
可乐？这太不健康了。
Neil: You told me to stop drinking coffee because it’s unhealthy – now you’re telling me cola is bad too.
你之前让我不要喝咖啡，因为咖啡不健康，现在你又告诉我可乐也不好。
Alice: Cola is full of sugar. There are about six teaspoons in each can.
可乐中的糖分太多了。每罐中约含有六茶匙的糖。
Neil: At least. That’s pretty sugary, I admit!
至少有六茶匙。我承认可乐确实含有很多糖分。
Alice:
Well, we’re talking about diabetes today. Diabetes is a condition where
the body can’t control the amount of glucose – or sugar – in the blood.
If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications, including
heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness.
今天我们要谈论的是糖尿病。糖尿病是指人体无法控制血液中葡萄糖或糖分的含量。如果不进行治疗，糖尿病会引起很多并发症，如心脏病、中风、肾衰竭以及失明。
Neil: I’m not diabetic, though, Alice, so what’s the problem?
但我没有患糖尿病，有什么问题呢？
Alice:
Well, diabetes is on the rise – or increasing – all over the world. And
particularly type 2 diabetes where risk factors include obesity – or
being very overweight – unhealthy diet and lack of physical exercise.
全世界患糖尿病的人数不断上升。尤其是二型糖尿病，肥胖、不健康饮食或缺乏锻炼都会增加患病风险。
Neil: I see. Well, while I think about that, maybe you could ask me today’s quiz question.
我懂了。我在想，或许你可以问我今天的问题了。
Alice:
OK. Can you tell me how many people in the world suffer from diabetes?
Is it…a) 4. 15 million? b) 41. 5 million? Or c) 415 million?
好的。你能告诉我全世界有多少人患糖尿病吗？a) 415万？b) 4150万？还是 c) 4. 15亿？
Neil: I’ll take a guess and say b) 41. 5 million.
我猜是b) 4150万。
Alice:
Well, we’ll find out if you got the right answer later on, Neil. Now,
why do you think people are eating less healthily than they used to?
好的，稍后我们再看你的回答是否正确。你觉得和过去相比为什么人们现在的饮食更不健康？
Neil: Well, processed food has become very popular, and whilst it often tastes really good, it isn’t always a healthy choice.
如今加工食品非常受欢迎，虽然尝起来很好吃，但不健康。
Alice: Do you eat a lot of processed food, Neil?
你吃了很多加工食品吗？
Neil:
Of course not, Alice! Processed food, by the way, is food that’s been
changed from its natural state, for example, by freezing or re-hydrating
it, or by adding ingredients to it such as sugar, salt or fat. But
let’s move on now and talk about exercise.
当然没有。加工食品改变了食物的自然状态，如被冷冻或重新注水的食物，或者在食物中添加糖、盐、脂肪等调料。我们再来说说锻炼。
Alice:
OK – but I hope you aren’t planning to have fried chicken again for
lunch today from that dodgy fast-food joint round the corner. Now, one
reason that people are taking less exercise than they used to is because
of lifestyle changes. With increasing urbanisation people are no longer
doing jobs that involve as much physical activity.
好的，但我希望你今天中午不要去附件快餐店吃炸鸡了。如今人们锻炼得少了，主要是生活方式发生了改变。随着城市化的不断推进，人们不再从事涉及大量体力劳动的工作。
Neil:
Yes, it’s true. And urbanisation means the growth of towns and cities
as people move there from the countryside to live and work. We’re all
sitting in cars, and offices, or on our sofas in front of the TV.
没错。城市化是指随着人们从乡村来到城镇生活和工作，城镇发展起来。我们整天坐在车里，坐在办公室里，坐在电视前的沙发上。
Alice:
But it’s also true that children are less active than they used to be. I
remember running around all the time outdoors when I was a kid.
Nowadays, they’re all in front of screens, playing computer games or
watching videos on YouTube.
而且孩子们也没有过去那么好动了。我记得我小时候整天都在外面跑。现在孩子们坐在屏幕前，玩电脑游戏或在YouTube上看视频。
Neil:
So, adults and children are at higher risk of developing diabetes if
they are overweight because they are likely to have higher levels of
sugar in their blood. Let’s hear more about this from Dr Etienne Krug
from the World Health Organization.
所以如果成年人和孩子超重，患糖尿病的风险会比较大，因为他们的血液中糖分的含量可能较高。我们来听听世卫组织艾蒂安·克鲁格博士是怎么说的。
Diabetes
is a kind of continuum. Gradually the levels of sugar in the blood
increase until reaching the level of being diagnosed with diabetes. But
people, before reaching diabetes, have too high level of sugar as well,
sometimes, and that can be dangerous too – particularly causing
cardiovascular diseases, which contributes to mortality too.
糖尿病是一种持续性的疾病。血液中的糖分不断增加，直到达到诊断为糖尿病的程度。人们在被查出患有糖尿病以前，体内的糖分含量就已经很高了，这也非常危险，会引发心脑血管疾病，也会造成死亡。
Neil: What’s a continuum, Alice?
continuum是什么意思？
Alice:
It’s something that changes slowly over time. So in this case, as
people increasingly eat food that’s high in sugar and fat, the amount of
sugar in their blood increases.
是指随着时间缓慢变化。人们不断地吃高糖分高脂肪的食物，他们血液中糖分的含量会增加。
Neil:
And having a high blood-sugar level may reach a tipping point – or a
point when small changes become significant enough to cause a big change
– and you develop diabetes. But even if you don’t develop diabetes,
high blood sugar can be damaging to your health.
血糖浓度会到达一个临界点——在这个点上，小的变化会引起大的改变——然后就会发展为糖尿病。即便没有发展为糖尿病，高血糖也对健康非常有害。
Alice:
It isn’t only damaging to the individual, though. Diabetes has a huge
cost to society– $827bn is currently being spent every year to treat the
disease.
不但对个人有害。糖尿病会带来巨大的社会成本——每年有8270亿美元花费在治疗糖尿病上。
Neil: That’s big bucks! What can we do – what can governments do – to tackle this health crisis, Alice?
这真是一大笔钱！要解决这个健康危机，我们能做什么，政府能做什么？
Alice:
Well, a key approach is to tackle the global rise in obesity because
this addresses not only diabetes but other diseases, too, such as cancer
and cardiovascular disease. Let’s hear more from Dr Krug about ways to
do this.
这个问题的关键在于解决全球肥胖问题，因为这不仅与解决糖尿病相关，还关乎癌症、心脑血管疾病的解决。我们再听听克鲁格博士的看法。
We
need a combination of approaches to promote physical activity and to
improve the ways we eat and that goes from breast feeding or even
working with young kids to increase healthy eating. But the sugar tax is
a good example that has contributed in Mexico to a decrease in sales of
sugary drinks. And sugary drinks – just one drink can sometimes
represent more sugar than a person needs for the whole day.
我们需要结合很多方法，加强锻炼，改善饮食从母乳阶段甚至孩童时期就要注意健康饮食。给糖征税是一个很好的例子，墨西哥因此降低了糖类饮品的销量。糖类饮品是指饮料中得含糖量高于人体每天需要的量。
Neil: Government schemes to encourage healthy eating sound like a good plan, but trying to get kids to eat vegetables might be tough!
政府鼓励健康饮食的计划听起来很好，但让孩子吃蔬菜或许很难！
Alice: Or stop you from drinking sugary drinks, Neil, for that matter.
让你不喝糖类饮品也很难！
Neil: Leave me alone!
别管我！
Alice:
Alright, then. But the government tax on sugary drinks has worked in
Mexico– and the UK government is also planning to do this. OK – now
remember I asked you, Neil: How many people in the world suffer from
diabetes? Is it… a) 4. 15 million? b) 41. 5 million? Or c) 415 million?
好吧。墨西哥政府给糖类饮品征税的措施已经起作用，英国政府也计划这么做。好吧，你还记得我问你的问题吗？全世界有多少人患有糖尿病？ a) 415万? b) 4150万? Or c) 4. 15亿?
Neil: And I said 41. 5 million.
我选的是b) 4150万。
Alice: Sorry, that’s the wrong answer, Neil.
很抱歉，你答错了。
Neil: Of course it’s the wrong answer!
当然不对了。
Alice:
Yes, I’m afraid so. According to the Diabetes International Federation,
based in Belgium, as of 2015, an estimated 415 million people have
diabetes worldwide. This represents 8. 3% of the adult population, with
equal rates in both women and men.
没错。根据比利时糖尿病国际联合会的数据，2015年全世界有4. 15亿人患糖尿病。这表示8. 3%的成年人患有糖尿病，其中男女比例相同。
Neil: OK, I’ll be drinking herbal tea from now on. Let’s listen to the words we learned today. They were:
好吧，从今天起我开始喝茶。我们来听听今天学到的单词。分别是：
diabetes
糖尿病
glucose
葡萄糖
on the rise
增加
obesity
肥胖
processed food
加工食品
urbanisation
城市化
continuum
持续
tipping point
临界点
Neil: Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Please join us again soon!
今天的英语六分钟就到这里了。请记得收听我们下期的节目。
Both: Bye.
再见！
