知情限制的表述方式
所谓知情限制,就是做出陈述与保证的一方仅仅就其知情的范围和程度做出陈述与保证。例如:
• “There is no claim, action, suit, proceeding, arbitration, complaint,charge or investigation pending or to the company’s knowledge, currentlythreatened against the company or any officer, director or key employee of thecompany.”
[译文] 不存在正在进行的、针对公司或其管理人员、董事或者员工的主张、诉讼行为、仲裁、投诉、指责或调查,或者就公司所知,不存在任何正威胁到公司或其管理人员、董事或者员工的主张、诉讼行为、仲裁、投诉、指责或调查。
除了“to one’s knowledge”和“has no knowledge of”“,be aware of”也是知情限制的常用表述方式:
• “Neither Company nor Shareholder is not aware of anynon-compliance in a material respect of any applicable laws.”
[译文]公司和现有股东均不知晓任何实质方面不符合应适用的法律的情形。
但是在某些买方比较强势的文本中,也有明确对知情限制进行排除的, 请看下面的例子:
• “Each of the warranties isseparate and independent and, except as expressly provided in this agreement,is not limited by reference to any other warranty or by any other provision ofthis agreement and none of the warranties shall be treated as qualified by anyactual, imputed or constructive knowledge on the part of the party or any ofits agents, representatives, officers, employees or advisors and no suchknowledge shall prejudice any claim for breaches of warranty or operate as toreduce any amount recoverable.”
[译文] 每一项保证均分别且独立,除本协议明确规外,不会受限于任何其他保证和本协议的其他条款;任何保证均不应受限于任何协议方及其代理人、代表人、高管、职员或者顾问的实际知情或推定知情,并且不得以该类知情妨碍任何违反保证的索赔请求或者以该类知情降低可以索赔的金额。