之所以能发现这个奇特的现象,是因为有两种罕见病——普拉德-威利综合征(PWS)的孩子的15号染色体上有一部分,是或者缺失了父系基因,或者有两份母系基因,这样“母多父少”的孩子夜间就哭得少,睡得多[10]。而安格尔曼综合征(AS)的孩子刚好相反,15号染色体上有一部分,是或者缺失了母系基因,或者有两份父系基因,这样“父多母少”的孩子就夜间多啼,频繁夜醒[11]。
Haig提出,频繁夜醒可以延长母亲的哺乳期,让母亲无法很快再怀孕生育,于是婴儿自己就更可能独占照顾者而存活下来。之所以父母影响不同,是因为双方的利益存在冲突:如果一个母亲想留下尽可能多的自己后代,她的最佳数学策略是尽快再度怀孕再度生产,哪怕这会降低已经生下的孩子的存活率[12]。而对父亲来说,母亲怀的下一个孩子未必是他的,让目前这个孩子的存活率最大化,比较符合父方利益。所以说,如果孩子频繁夜醒,很可能是来自父方的基因在作怪。
论文读到这里正是深夜,耳边又传来了熟悉的嗷嗷哭声。于是我拍拍啾啾安慰一下她,然后挽起袖子——把她爸揍了一顿。
快起床哄娃去!毕竟嘛,是你的基因在呼唤啊!
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作者:游识猷
文章来源:游识猷个人公众号“养个智人”