文/高行云
首发时间:2021年3月31日
今后会陆续写些英语写作与阅读中的小知识,既会结合牛津、朗文等写作词典,也会结合自己平时阅读文献会遇到的实例。
Assessment
是学术英语写作中常用的词汇,甚至在标题中都常用,比如:
比如,1963年的
《美国社会学学报》
就一篇论文标题是:
Hall,Richard H. 1963. “The Concept of Bureaucracy:
An Empirical Assessment.
”
American Journal of Sociology
69(1):32–40.
2016年的
《当代中国》
期刊,也有一篇论文是以此词汇作为标题:
Wong,Stan Hok-wui, and Nicole Wu. 2016. “Can Beijing Buy Taiwan?
An Empirical Assessment
of Beijing’s Agricultural Trade Concessions to Taiwan.”
Journal of Contemporary China
25(99):353–71.
这个词在英文学术写作中怎么搭配?使用情境怎样?同义的review等词汇怎么区分呢?
同 义 词 群
assessment,evaluation, review, appraisal /əˈpreɪ.zl/,
commentary, critique,criticism, estimation
*
书面语?
assessment,evaluation, appraisal, estimation,都是正式书面词,其它则不一定是书面
*
侧重点?
Assessment特别关注的是对问题、质量的评估。
Commentary特别关注的是优缺点的探讨
*
英美区别?
美式英语会在职场的performance方面的评估,用review,但英式英语倾向于appraisal
Assessment
的搭配
*范围:Broad/individual+ ~
*频次:regular/quick~
*阶段:initial/ follow-up/final ~
*态度:accurate/fair/critical/realistic/comprehensive/detailed/thorough~
*类型:needs/performance/quality/risk/health~
例句:
Needs assessment is crucial if the hospital is to deliver effective health care.
*动词搭配:carryout, complete, conduct, make, perform, undertake, provide
例句:
The new manager carried out an ~ of the sales department
*名词搭配:a formof/ a method of ~
*介词搭配:可用of
学术论文标题,经常会看到一种方式就是criticalassessment,比如:
吉登斯的学生Elliott在2002年于
Sociology
(英国社会学学会会刊),发表过论文,标题是:Beck's Sociology of Risk: A
Critical Assessment
学术写作时,以of为搭配,也常见,尤其爱用anempirical assessment of sth,比如:
《英国社会学学报》(
The British Journal of Sociology
)
2015年就发表过一篇文章,叫:
“The sociologist and the state.
An assessment of
Pierre Bourdieu's sociology”
其它同义词的搭配
*
Evaluation
,也可以用of,或者 beunder evaluation
*
Review
,也可以用for view, received reviews,比如
例句:Thewnew musical opened to glowing (praising with enthusiasm) reviews;
*
Commentary
可考虑不同主题,用不同搭配表达,可用on作为搭配
如果要评论书籍、戏剧等,可用You canwrite a commentary on a book.
如果侧重书籍电影等反映的现实问题,可用:be a commentary on sth.
*
Estimation
,如果要表达看法的变化,可用:
例句:Since he left his wife, he’s certainly
gone down/up in my estimation
.
Commentary在学术写作时常见用on搭配时,尤其在非常具体的批评时会用。比如:
《历史社会学学报》(
Journal of Historical Sociology