Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。“论文快递”栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第二百四十七期，
将介绍
Urban Studies Online First中的两篇论文，和近期正式发表期刊中的三篇论文
。
主题包括拨用与
基础设施
、
街区社会经济和移民背景与教育程度的关系
、
社会边界的影响
、
城市气候变化减缓和“创业”治理模式，
以及
中东欧的城市转型
。欢迎阅读。
The missing link for effective informal settlement upgrading: Appropriation shaping the outcome of new infrastructure
有效改造非正规住区的缺失环节：拨
用
影响新基础设施的成果
George Kiambuthi Wainaina（
Eawag,
瑞士联邦水科学和技术研究所; 荷兰乌得勒支大学
）
Bernhard Truffer（
Eawag,
瑞士联邦水科学和技术研究所; 荷兰乌得勒支大学
）
Infrastructure investments, a core element of slum upgrading, play a role in improving the livelihoods of over 1 billion slum residents globally. Established planning practices often successfully deliver functional infrastructure but evidence shows that their contribution to improved livelihoods often either is absent or declines sharply after some time. To explain this limited effectiveness, this article identifies the missing link between infrastructure delivery and livelihood improvements as lying in the appropriation process, that is, the uptake and embedding of infrastructures into the daily practices of residents. Recent insights from sociotechnical transitions studies help to conceptualise appropriation. The authors use Munyaka informal settlement in Eldoret town, Kenya as a case to investigate the mechanisms of new infrastructure uptake. Findings indicate that appropriation is a social process that proceeds in three steps: reception, domestication and institutionalisation. This process is driven by the need to maintain or adjust residents’ livelihood practices relative to prevailing socioeconomic and spatiotemporal conditions. The study concludes that appropriation is a significant process that planners should try to anticipate. Prevalent approaches to participation have to be modified accordingly. This is essential for planning to improve livelihoods in slums.
基础设施投资是贫民窟改造的核心要素，在改善全球超过10亿贫民窟居民的生计方面发挥着重要作用。既定的规划实践通常会成功地实现功能性基础设施交付，但有证据表明，它们要么无法改善生计，要么改善生计的作用在一段时间后急剧下降。为了解释这种有限的有效性，本文指出基础设施交付和民生改善之间缺失的环节是拨用流程，即采用基础设施并将其嵌入到居民的日常实践中。社会技术转型研究的最新见解有助于将拨用概念化。本文以肯尼亚埃尔多雷特镇的 Munyaka 非正规住区为例，考察了新基础设施的采用机制。研究结果表明，拨用是一个社会过程，分三个步骤进行：接受、驯化和制度化。这一过程的驱动因素是需要根据当前的社会经济和时空条件维持或调整居民的生计实践。本文得出的结论是，拨用是规划者应该努力预见的一个重要过程。流行的参与方式必须相应修改。这对于真正改善贫民窟生计的规划至关重要。
appropriation, infrastructure planning, infrastructure utility and functionality, livelihood improvement, participation, slum upgrading
拨用，基础设施规划，基础设施效用和功能，民生改善，参与，贫民窟改造
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241236077
Heterogeneous neighbourhood effects on the educational attainments of native Norwegian and immigrant-descendant female and male young adults
异质性邻里效应对挪威本土和移民后裔男女青年教育程度的影响
Anna Maria Santiago（美国密歇根州立大学）
George C Galster（美国韦恩州立大学）
Lena Magnusson Turner（挪威奥斯陆城市大学）
Using longitudinal register data from Oslo, Norway, this article examines how cumulative childhood exposure to family and neighbourhood contexts influences the educational attainments of young adults, paying special attention to how these determinants vary by gender and immigrant status. Specifically, we examine how neighbourhood socioeconomic and immigrant context experienced during childhood affects the completion of secondary school and university enrolment during young adulthood. We assess the extent of effect heterogeneity for three immigrant status groups stratified by gender. We control for geographical selection using a recently developed technique that first models parental selection of neighbourhood attributes and then uses the resulting predicted probabilities of selection as instruments in the neighbourhood-effects-on-education model. We find that neighbourhood affluence, educational levels and non-Western immigrant composition have important impacts on young adult educational outcomes, though results differ sharply by gender and immigrant status.
本文利用挪威奥斯陆的纵向登记数据，考察了童年时期家庭和街区环境的累积效应如何影响年轻人的教育程度，并特别关注这些决定因素如何因性别和移民身份而异。具体来说，我们考察了童年时期经历的街区社会经济和移民背景如何影响青年时期中学和大学教育的完成。我们评估了按性别分层的三个移民身份群体的影响异质性程度。我们使用最近开发的技术来控制地理选择，该技术首先对父母选择的街区属性进行建模，然后使用由此产生的预测选择概率作为街区教育影响模型中的工具。我们发现，社区富裕程度、教育水平和非西方移民构成对年轻人的教育结果有重要影响，尽管结果因性别和移民身份的不同而有很大差异。
educational attainments, gender, immigrant descendants, neighbourhood effects, residential selection
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241232800
Theorising the causal impacts of social frontiers: The social and psychological implications of discontinuities in the geography of residential mix
社会边界因果影响的理论研究：居住组合地理不连续性的社会和心理影响
Until very recently, the question of how residents might be affected by the gradient of neighbourhood boundaries – whether these boundaries are abrupt or gradual – has remained largely absent from mainstream segregation research. Yet, theoretical and empirical findings emerging from recent studies suggest the impacts could be profound and far-reaching. This article seeks to provide a conceptual foundation for understanding such effects. We focus on the concept of ‘social frontiers’: spatial discontinuities in the geography of residential mix which occur when community boundaries are abrupt. Drawing on insights from cognate disciplines, we develop a theory of social frontier impacts that articulates their potential importance in limiting and shaping contact between neighbouring communities, exacerbating territorial conflict and ultimately affecting the psychological wellbeing and life course outcomes of those living at the frontier. We present our thesis as a series of propositions and corollaries, and reflect on the implications for empirical research.
直到最近，主流隔离研究也基本上没有提及街区边界梯度如何影响居民的问题（无论这些边界是突然出现的还是逐步出现的）。然而，最近的理论和实证研究结果表明，街区边界梯度可能会对居民产生深远的的影响。本文旨在为理解此类影响提供概念基础。我们重点审视了“社会边界（social frontiers）”的概念：当社区边界突然出现时，出现的住宅组合地理方面的空间不连续性。本文借鉴相关学科的一些观点，发展了一种社会边界影响理论。该理论阐明了社会边界在限制和影响邻近社区之间的接触、加剧领地冲突并最终影响生活在边界地区的人们的心理健康和生命历程方面的潜在重要性。本论文提出了一系列观点和结论，并反思了这些观点和结论对实证研究的影响。
demographics, diversity/cohesion/segregation, neighbourhood, race/ethnicity, social frontiers, social psychology, theory
人口统计数据，多样性/凝聚力/隔离，街区，种族/民族，社会边界，社会心理学，理论
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231194834
Entrepreneurs beyond neoliberalism: Municipally owned corporations and climate change mitigation in German cities
超越新自由主义的企业家：德国城市中的
市属公司
与气候变化减缓
Leon Wansleben（德国马克斯-普朗克社会研究所）
首次出版时间：
2023/09/13
｜
研究论文
Abstract
Urban studies have shown that the affordances, constraints and forms of urban climate change mitigation often emerge from ‘entrepreneurial’ modes of governance that have developed in post-Fordist cities. However, comparative research stresses that concepts focused on the growing power of private capital under neoliberalisation are inadequate to comprehend developments in German cities. In this article, we argue that municipally owned corporations occupy critical positions in climate change mitigation governance. While municipal ownership of utilities in principle increases local governance capacities, municipally owned corporations’ roles are shaped by fiscal relations and asymmetric organisational capacities between ‘agents’ and ‘principals’. In the case of Cologne, we show that the city has failed to leverage ownership over its public energy utility to decarbonise energy provision. Managers were able to assert corporate interests in the face of fragmented political actors and entrenched fiscal crisis. In this context of political incapacity and fragmentation, environmental social movements become important actors for translating widely shared decarbonisation objectives into concrete political demands towards municipally owned corporations.
城市研究表明，城市气候变化减缓的直观功能、制约因素和形式往往产生于后福特主义城市发展起来的 “创业 “治理模式。
然而，比较研究强调，新自由主义影响下的以私人资本力量增长为重点的概念不足以理解德国城市的发展。
本文认为市属公司在气候变化减缓治理中占据着重要地位。
虽然公用事业的市政所有权原则上提高了地方治理能力，但市属公司的作用是由财政关系以及 “代理人 “和 “委托人 “之间不对称的组织能力决定的。
在科隆市的案例中，我们发现该市未能利用其公共能源公用事业的所有权来实现能源供应的低碳化。
面对四分五裂的政治行为体和根深蒂固的财政危机，企业管理者维护了企业利益。
在这种政治无能和支离破碎的背景下，环保社会运动成为将广泛认同的去碳化目标转化为对市属公司的具体政治要求的重要行动者。
