[1]
[德]海德格尔著,孙周兴译:《林中路》之《艺术作品的本源》,北京:商务印书馆,2018年版,第27页。
[2]
E. Douglas Van Buren, "Discoveries at Eridu,"
Orientalia
18, no. 1 (1949): 124.
[3]
此类陶舟模型在欧贝德时期的埃利都发现不止一例,参见:Fuʼād Safar et al., Eridu (Baghdad: Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Culture and Information, State Organization of Antiquites and Heritage, 1981), 230. 在波斯湾地区的其他同时代遗址中,也有类似的陶舟模型发现:Robert Carter, "Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC,"
Antiquity
80, no. 307 (2006). Van Buren, "Discoveries at Eridu," 124. 关于是陶舟还是陶螺的争论,见:Janine Bourriau and Joan Oates, "Spinning or sailing? The boat models from Eridu,"
A
ntiquity
71 (1997): 719-21; Thomas F. Strasser, "The boat models from Eridu: sailing or spinning during the ‘Ubaid period?"
Antiquity
70, no. 270 (1996): 920-25.
[4]
The Cambridge Ancient History
, vol. 1, ed. I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, and N. G. L. Hammond (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 332.
[5]
《苏美尔王表》第1-2行;最新转写和英译,参见牛津大学东方学院创建的“苏美尔文学电子文库(The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, 以下简称ETCSL): ETCSL 2.1.1(https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.2.1.1&display=Crit&charenc=&lineid=c211.1#c211.1)
[6]
苏美尔语《洪水故事》第11行:ETCSL 1.7.4(https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.1.7.4&display=Crit&charenc=gcirc&lineid=c174.B.6#c174.B.6)
[7]
恩基,阿卡德语称埃阿[
Ea
],关于其作为“造型者”的神格,可参考:Thorkild Jacobsen,
The Treasures of Darkness: a History of Mesopotamian Religion
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976), 111-12. 拱玉书先生认为此神格或与埃阿参与造人之事相关,参见拱玉书译注:《吉尔伽美什史诗》,北京:商务印书馆,2021年版,第28页。
[8]
作为苏美尔语中最为抽象的词汇之一,me代表神圣与文明的力量,也代表着苏美尔人对世界以及人神关系的基本认知。国内外学界关于这一概念的内涵与外延的探讨,后文会有进一步论述。