同时,Meyer博士还发现,当幽门螺杆菌侵入时,胃粘膜下方的间质成纤维细胞会分泌一种名为R-脊髓蛋白(Rspo)的物质,作用于胃粘膜下方干细胞池,激活干细胞的WNT通路调节干细胞的增殖以应对幽门螺杆菌感染。
但是,Meyer博士发现,这两种细胞对WNT通路的反应是不同的。正常Rspo作用于分化程度低,增殖较快的干细胞在后,会使干细胞的增殖速度显著加快,导致其过度增殖。而Rspo作用于增殖较慢的细胞后,会显著抑制其增殖。
Rspo会显著增强敏感干细胞的扩增速度(单细胞培养24小时)
正如Sigal博士所说,“由于幽门螺杆菌引起感染机体无法自我治愈,因此,若不治疗,幽门螺杆菌可能长期持续刺激间质成纤维细胞分泌Rspo来刺激干细胞分裂,这也许足以解释为什么幽门螺杆菌感染会显著增加胃癌风险(10)。”
总的来说,Meyer博士的研究揭示了慢性细菌感染是如何干扰组织的功能的,并提供了关于幽门螺杆菌如何增加胃癌风险的首个宝贵线索。而我国人口基数大,幽门螺杆菌的感染率高,这也是我国胃癌发病人数以及死亡人数如此之高的可能原因。而此前的研究表明,进行幽门螺杆菌根治治疗可以减少65%的胃癌风险(11)。因此,为了减少胃癌的发生,感染者还是应该尽早接受幽门螺杆菌根除治疗。
参考资料:
1.http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23642.html?foxtrotcallback=true
2.https://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v292/n2/full/scientificamerican0205-38.html
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