[1] 本文所有图片的版权均为德国柏林—勃兰登堡科学与人文科学院、德国国家图书馆东方部(Depositum der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Orientabteilung)所有,并经授权使用。
[2] 关于此前对吐鲁番基督教的概述,参见Wolfgang Hage, “Das Christentum in der Turfan-Oase,” in Walther Heissig & Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, Synkretismus in den Religionen Zentralasiens (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1987), pp. 46-57; Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Sogdian and Turkish Christians in the Turfan and Tun-huang Manuscripts,” in Turfan and Tun-huang, the Texts: Encounter of Civilizations on the Silk Route (Orientalia Venetiana IV), ed. Alfredo Cadonna (Firenze: Leo S. Olschki Editore, 1992), pp. 43-61.
[3] 关于高昌地区在高昌回鹘王国建立之前的历史,参见Zhang Guangda, “Kocho (Kao-ch’ang),” in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. III: The Crossroads of Civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750, eds. B. Litvinsky, Zhang Guangda & R. Shabani Samghabadi. (Paris: UNESCO, 1996), pp. 303-314。关于回鹘人统治高昌时期的历史,参见D. Sinor, Geng Shimin & Y.I. Kychanov, “The Uighurs, The Kyrgyz and the Tangut (Eighth to the Thirteenth Century),” in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The age of achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century, Part One: The historical, social and economic setting, eds. M. S. Asimov & C. E. Bosworth (Paris: UNESCO, 1998), pp. 200-206. 另见Zhang Guangda & Rong Xinjiang, “A Concise History of the Turfan Oasis and Its Exploration,” Asia Major, Vol. 11 (Third Series), No. 2, 1998, pp. 303-314. 其中对高昌从古代至现代历史的总结非常精彩,同时介绍了 20 世纪的各种探险。关于回鹘人对其政权及统治者的看法,参见Peter Zieme, “The West Uigur Kingdom: Views from Inside,” Horizons, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2014, pp. 1-29.
[4] 关于回鹘人统治下的佛教,参见Jens Wilkens, “Buddhism in the West Uyghur Kingdom and Beyond,” in Transfer of Buddhism Across Central Asian Networks (7th to 13th Centuries), ed. Carmen Meinert (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016), pp. 191-249. 关于回鹘王国佛教与摩尼教之间的互动,参见Yukiyo Kasai, “Manichaeism and Buddhism in Contact: The Significance of the Uyghur History and Its Literary Tradition,” Entangled Religions, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2023.
[5] 关于外国人对吐鲁番的考古探险,参见Werner Sundermann, “Turfan Expeditions” [Electronic Version], Encyclopaedia Iranica (https://iranicaonline.org/articles/turfan-expeditions-2), 2004. 此外,国际敦煌项目网站 (http://idp.bl.uk) 也提供了宝贵的信息。关于德国吐鲁番探险队队长阿尔伯特·冯·勒柯克(Albert von Le Coq)的看法,参见Albert von Le Coq, Buried Treasures of Chinese Turkestan: an Account of the Activities and Adventures of the Second and Third German Turfan Expeditions, trans. Anna Barwell, (1928; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985).
[6] 关于吐鲁番基督徒使用的语言(不包括回鹘语),亦可参见Scott Fitzgerald Johnson, “The Languages of Christianity on the Silk Roads and the Transmission of Mediterranean Culture into Central Asia,” in Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity: Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250–750, eds. Nicola Di Cosmo & Michael Maas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 206-219.
[7] 关于所有和叙利亚语相关的内容,以下资料质量极高:Daniel King ed., The Syriac World (London & New York: Routledge, 2019) 和Sebastian P. Brock & Nicholas Sims-Williams, “An Early Fragment from the East Syriac Baptismal Service from Turfan,” Orientalia Christiana Periodica, Vol. 77, No. 1, 2011, pp. 81-92.
[8] 辛威廉(Nicholas Sims-Williams)已在多篇文章中探讨了这一问题,例如:Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Syro-Sogdica I: An Anonymous Homily on the Three Periods of the Solitary Life,” Orientalia Christiana Periodica, Vol. 47, 1981, pp. 441-446; Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Syro-Sogdica II: A metrical Homily by Bābay bar Nṣibnāye ‘On the final evil hour’,” Orientalia Christiana Periodica, Vol. 48, 1982, pp. 171-176; Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Syro-Sogdica III: Syriac Elements in Sogdian,” in A Green Leaf: Papers in Honour of Professor Jes P. Asmussen (Acta Iranica 28), eds. Werner Sundermann, Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin & Faridun Vahman (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1988), pp. 145-156.
[9] 关于粟特语,可参见Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Sogdian,” in Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, ed. Rüdiger Schmitt (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1989), pp. 173-192. 关于现存粟特语基督教文献的概述,参见Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Christian Literature in Middle Iranian Languages,” in The Literature of Pre-Islamic Iran (History of Persian Literature, Vol XVII), eds. Ronald E. Emmerick & Maria Macuch (London: I. B. Tauris, 2009), pp. 266-287.
[10] 关于粟特基督教文献的总体情况,参见Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Christianity, iv. Christian Literature in Middle Iranian Languages,” Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. 5, 1991, pp. 534-535.
[11] Mark Dickens and Peter Zieme, “Syro-Uigurica I: A Syriac Psalter in Uyghur Script from Turfan,” in Scripts Beyond Borders. A Survey of Allographic Traditions in the Euro-Mediterranean World (Publications de l’Institut Orientaliste de Louvain, Vol. 62), eds. Johannes den Heijer, Andrea B. Schmidt & Tamara Pataridze (Leuven: Peeter, 2014), pp. 291-328 (292-293).
[12] 关于古突厥语,可参见 Marcel Erdal, “Old Turkic,” in The Turkic Languages, eds. Lars Johanson & Éva Ágnes Csató (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 138-157.
[13] Sebastian P. Brock, “The ‘Nestorian’ Church: a lamentable misnomer,” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library, Vol. 78, No. 3, 1996, pp. 23-35.
[14] 关于东方教会的历史,较新的介绍可参见Wilhelm Baum & Dietmar W. Winkler, The Church of the East: A Concise History (London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003); David Wilmshurst, The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East (London: East & West Publishing, 2011); Christoph Baumer, The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity, New Edition (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2016).
[15] 然而,只有少数来自吐鲁番的基督教写本残篇进行了年代考证;迄今为止,大多数年代的比定都是根据古文书学推测的。值得注意的是,下文将详细介绍的 MIK III 45 被确定在 774年至 865年之间,可参考A Syriac Service-Book from Turfan: Museum für asiatische Kunst, Berlin MS MIK III 45 (Berliner Turfantexte XXXIX), eds. & trans. Erica C. D. Hunter & J. F. Coakley (Turnhout: Brepols, 2017), p. 273,尽管这一写本可能是在其他地方被抄写,然后被带到吐鲁番。
[16] 柏林收集品中有出自40多种不同的叙利亚语礼仪写本的残篇,其中大部分来自《循环圣祭》(或译《轮》)(Ḥudrā),下文将对此进行讨论,可参考Erica C. D. Hunter & Mark Dickens, Syrische Handschriften. Teil 2. Syriac Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2014), pp. 449-452。
[17] Sebastian P. Brock & Nicholas Sims-Williams, “An Early Fragment from the East Syriac Baptismal Service from Turfan,” Orientalia Christiana Periodica, Vol. 77, No. 1, 2011, pp. 81-92.
[18] Erica C. D. Hunter & Mark Dickens, Syrische Handschriften. Teil 2. Syriac Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection, pp.19-21, 381-382. 关于更多带有粟特语指导文字的叙利亚语文本的例子,可参见Mark Dickens, “Multilingual Christian Manuscripts from Turfan,” Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies, Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 22-42 (26-27).
[19] “折端”指的是一折(quire)的最初或最后一页,折页是缀合在一起的一组页面,然后与其他折页拼连成册子本(codex)。
[20] Mark Dickens, “Multilingual Christian Manuscripts from Turfan,” p. 28, 32.
[21] Nicholas Sims-Williams, Biblical and other Christian Sogdian texts from the Turfan Collection (Turnhout: Brepols, 2014), pp. 31-33, 51-53; Friedrich W. K. Müller, “Soghdische Texte I,” Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Jahrgang 1912. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, No. II, 1913, pp. 1-111 (84-88).
[22] 这是叙利亚语《尼西亚信经》开篇的几个单词,用作识别文本的名称。
[23] Peter Zieme, “Das nestorianische Glaubensbekenntnis in einem alttürkischen Fragment aus Bulayiq,” Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, Vol. N.F. 15, 1997/1998, pp. 173-180; Peter Zieme, Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2015), pp. 43-47.
[24] 关于课经的概述,参见Mark Dickens, “Biblical Fragments from the Christian Library of Turfan, an Eastern Outpost of the Antiochian Tradition,” in The School of Antioch: Biblical Theology and the Church in Syria (The Bible in the Christian Orthodox Tradition, Vol. 7), ed. Vahan Hovhanessian (Bern: Peter Lang, 2016), pp. 19-47 (33-35; 39-40). 更深入的分析,参见Nicholas Sims-Williams, Mitteliranische Handschriften: Teil 4. Iranian Manuscripts in Syriac Script in the Berlin Turfan Collection (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2012), pp. 24-27, 44-47; Friedrich W. K. Müller, “Soghdische Texte I,” p. 184; Werner Sundermann, “Nachlese zu F. W. K. Müllers „Soghdischen Texten I“, 1. Teil,” Altorientalische Forschungen, Vol. 1, 1974, pp. 217-255; Werner Sundermann, “Nachlese zu F. W. K. Müllers „Soghdischen Texten I“, 2. Teil,” Altorientalische Forschungen, Vol. 3, 1975, pp. 55-90; Werner Sunderman, “Nachlese zu F. W. K. Müllers „Soghdischen Texten I“, 3. Teil,” Altorientalische Forschungen, Vol. 8, 1981, pp. 169-225. 关于整本粟特语的课经(E5)残篇,参见Chiara Barbati, The Christian Sogdian Gospel Lectionary E5 in Context (Wien: Verlag der ÖAW, 2016).
[25] Egon Wellesz, “Miscellanea zur orientalistischen Musikgeschichte. Die Lektionszeichen in den soghdischen Texten,” Zeitschrift für Musikwissenschaft, Vol. I, 1919, pp. 505-515.
[26] Mark Dickens, “The Importance of the Psalter at Turfan,” in From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in Central Asia and China (Orientalia - Patristica - Oecumenica, Vol. 5), eds. Li Tang & Dietmar W. Winkler (Wien: LIT Verlag, 2013), pp. 357-380.
[27] Friedrich Carl Andreas, “Bruchstücke einer Pehlewi-Übersetzung der Psalmen aus der Sassanidenzeit,” Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1910, pp. 869-872;Friedrich Carl Andreas & Kaj Barr, “Bruchstücke einer Pehlewi-Übersetzung der Psalmen,” Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1933, pp. 91-152; Philippe Gignoux, “Pahlavi Psalter” [Electronic Version], Encyclopaedia Iranica (http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/pahlavi-psalter), 2002; Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst, “The Pahlavi Psalter Fragment in Relation to its Source,” Studies on the Inner Asian Languages, Vol. 21, 2006, pp. 1-19.
[28] Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Langue sacrée, écriture sacrée? Le syriaque et ses rivaux dans les textes chrétiens et manichéens de Tourfan,” in Hiéroglossie III : Persan et syro-araméen et les relations avec la langue arabe, Collège de France, 25 juin 2018, ed. Jean-Noël Robert (Paris: Collège de France, Institut des hautes études japonaises, 2022), pp. 55-71 (60).
[29] Prods O. Skjaervø, “Case in Inscriptional Middle Persian, Inscriptional Parthian and the Pahlavi Psalter,” Studia Iranica, Vol. 12, 1983, pp. 47-62, 151-181 (178-179).
[30] Friedrich W. K. Müller, “Ein syrisch-neupersisches Psalmenbruchstück aus Chinesisch-Turkistan,” in Festschrift Eduard Sachau, ed. Gotthold Weil (Berlin: Verlag von Georg Reimer, 1915); Werner Sundermann, “Einige Bemerkungen zum Syrisch-Neupersischen Psalmenbruchstücke aus Chinesisch-Turkistan,” in Mémorial Jean de Menasce, eds. Philippe Gignoux & A. Tafazzoli (Louvain: Imprimerie Orientaliste, 1974), pp. 441-452; Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Early New Persian in Syriac script: Two texts from Turfan,” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 74, No. 3, 2011, pp. 353-374.
[31] Nicholas Sims-Williams, “A Greek-Sogdian Bilingual from Bulayïq,” in La Persia e Bisanzio (Rome: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 2004), pp. 623-631; Nicholas Sims-Williams, “A New Fragment of the Book of Psalms in Sogdian,” in Bibel, Byzanz und Christlicher Orient: Festschrift für Stephen Gerö zum 65. Geburtstag, eds. D. Bumazhnov, E. Grypeou, T. B. Sailors & A. Toepel (Leuven: Peeters, 2011), pp. 461-466.
[32] Mark Dickens and Peter Zieme, “Syro-Uigurica I: A Syriac Psalter in Uyghur Script from Turfan,” pp. 291-328; Peter Zieme, Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien, pp. 145-146.
[33] Mark Dickens, “Scribal Practices in the Turfan Christian Community,” Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies, Vol. 13, 2013, pp. 3-28 (15); Mark Dickens, “Biblical Fragments from the Christian Library of Turfan, an Eastern Outpost of the Antiochian Tradition,” pp. 29-30.
[34] Friedrich W. K. Müller & Wolfgang Lentz, “Soghdische Texte II,” Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1934, pp. 504-607 (522-528, 559-564).
[35] Ibid., pp. 513-520.
[36] Ibid., pp. 1934, 520-522.
[37] Eduard Sachau, “Die Christianisierungs-Legende von Merw,” in Abhandlungen zur semitischen Religionskunde und Sprachwissenschaft: Wolf Wilhelm Grafen von Baudissin zum 26. September 1917 (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, Band 33), eds. Wilhelm Frankenberg & Friedrich Küchler (Giessen: Alfred Töpelmann, 1918), pp. 399-409; Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Baršabbā,” Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. 3, 1988 [1989], p. 823; Sebastian P. Brock, “Bar Shabba/Mar Shabbay, First Bishop of Merv,” in Syrisches Christentum weltweit: Festschrift Wolfgang Hage (Studien zur Orientalischen Kirchengeschichte 1), eds. Martin Tamcke, Wolfgang Schwaigert & Egbert Schlarb (Münster: LIT Verlag, 1995), pp. 190-201.
[38] Erica C. D. Hunter & J. F. Coakley, eds. & trans., Syriac Service-Book from Turfan: Museum für asiatische Kunst, Berlin MS MIK III 45, p. 196.
[39] Lin Lijuan, “The First Round of Tortures in the Legend of St. George: Remarks on the Turfan Syriac Fragments SyrHT 359 and SyrHT 360,” Oriens Christianus, Vol. 103, 2020, pp. 115-143; Lin Lijuan, “Preliminary Notes on the Syriac Version of the Legend of Saint George Found in Turfan,” in Iranianate and Syriac Christianity in Late Antiquity and the Early Islamic Period (Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik 87), eds. Chiara Barbati & Vittorio Berti (Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2021), pp. 245-277; 另参Miklós Maróth, “Eine unbekannte Version der Georgios-Legende aus Turfan,” Altorientalische Forschungen, Vol. 18, 1991, pp. 86-108.
[40] Lin Lijuan, “The First Round of Tortures in the Legend of St. George: Remarks on the Turfan Syriac Fragments SyrHT 359 and SyrHT 360,” p. 140.
[41] Olaf Hansen, “Berliner soghdische Texte I: Bruchstücke einer soghdischen Version der Georgspassion (C1),” Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, No. 10, 1941, pp. 1-38; Émile Benveniste, “Fragments des Actes de Saint Georges en version sogdienne,” Journal Asiatique, Vol. 234, 1943-1945, pp. 91-116; Ilya Gershevitch, “On the Sogdian St. George Passion,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1946, pp. 179-184; Nicholas Sims-Williams, “A Newly Identified Sogdian Fragment from the Legend of Saint George,” DABIR, No. 6, 2018, pp. 110-115.
[42] Albert Von Le Coq, “Türkische Manichaica aus Chotscho III. Nebst einem christlichen Bruchstück aus Bulayïq,” Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, No. 2, 1922, pp. 1-49 (48-49); W. Bang, “Türkische Bruchstücke einer nestorianischen Georgpassion,” Le Muséon, Vol. 39, 1926, pp. 41-75 (64-75); Peter Zieme, Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien, pp. 93-97.
[43] Peter Zieme, “Paulus und Thekla in der türkischen Überlieferung,” Apocrypha: International Journal of Apocryphal Literatures, Vol. 13, 2002, pp. 53-62; Peter Zieme, Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien, pp. 99-106.
[44] Friedrich W. K. Müller, “Uigurica I,” Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, No. II, 1908, pp. 1-60 (1-10); W. Bang, “Türkische Bruchstücke einer nestorianischen Georgpassion,” pp. 44-53; Kahar Barat, “Old Uyghur Christianity and the Bible,” American Asian Review, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1987, pp. 12-25 (17-22); Peter Zieme, Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien, pp. 49-55.
[45] Mark Dickens, “Syro-Uigurica II: Syriac Passages in U 338 from Turfan,” Hugoye, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2013, pp. 301-324; Peter Zieme, Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien, pp. 57-60.
[46] Erica C. D. Hunter, “Commemorating Mary at Turfan: SyrHT 279-284,” Oriens Christianus, Vol. 104, 2021, pp. 107-121.
[47] Peter Zieme, Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien, pp. 61-65.
[48] 可参见 Erica C. D. Hunter, “Syriac Manuscripts from Turfan: Public Worship and Private Devotion,” in From Ancient Manuscripts to Modern Dictionaries: Select Studies in Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek (Perspectives on Linguistics and Ancient Languages 9), eds. Tarsee Li & Keith Dyer (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2017), pp. 77-96; Erica C. D. Hunter, “Syriac Prayer-Amulets from Turfan,” The Harp, Vol. 33, 2018, pp. 413-431; Nicholas Sims-Williams, “The Sogdian ‘Book of Life’ Reconsidered,” in Artifact, Text, Context: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia (Orientalia - Patristica - Oecumenica, Vol. 17), eds. Li Tang & Dietmar W. Winkler (Wien: LIT Verlag, 2020), pp. 113-119.
[49] Erica C. D. Hunter, “Traversing Time and Location: A Prayer-Amulet of Mar Tamsis from Turfan,” in From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia (Orientalia - Patristica - Oecumenica, Vol. 5), eds. Li Tang & Dietmar W. Winkler (Wien: LIT Verlag, 2013), pp. 25-41.
[50] Mark Dickens, “Syro-Uigurica III: Enochic Material in a Christian text from Turfan,” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Vol. 74, 2021, pp. 583-624.
[51] Erica C. D. Hunter & Mark Dickens, Syrische Handschriften. Teil 2. Syriac Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection, pp. 484-485.
[52] Mark Dickens & Natalia Smelova, “A Rediscovered Syriac Amulet from Turfan in the Collection of the Hermitage Museum,” Written Monuments of the Orient, Vol. 7, No. 2 (14), 2021, pp. 107-147.
[53] Miklós Maróth, “Ein Fragment eines syrischen pharmazeutischen Rezeptbuches,” Altorientalische Forschungen, Vol. 11, 1984, pp. 115-125.
[54] Lin Lijuan, “Hippocrates and Galen in Turfan: Remarks on SyrHT 1 and SyrHT 388,” Aramaic Studies, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2020, pp. 213-239.
[55] Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Medical texts from Turfan in Syriac and New Persian,”(吐鲁番出土的叙利亚语与近世波斯语医药文献),新疆吐鲁番学研究院编:《语言背后的历史:西域古典语言学高峰论坛论文集》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2012年,第12—19页。
[56] Peter Zieme, Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien, pp. 116; Mark Dickens, “Syro-Uigurica III: Enochic Material in a Christian text from Turfan,” p. 585.
[57] Miklós Maróth, “Ein Brief aus Turfan,” Altorientalische Forschungen, Vol. 12, 1985, pp. 283-287.
[58] Erica C. D. Hunter, “Debating with the Jews at Turfan,” in Byzantium to China: Religion, History and Culture on the Silk Roads: Studies in Honour of Samuel N.C. Lieu (Texts and Studies in Eastern Christianity, Vol. 25), eds. Gunner Mikkelson & Ken Parry (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2022), pp. 251-260.
[59] Mark Dickens, “Multilingual Christian Manuscripts from Turfan,” pp. 28-29.
[60] Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Sogdian and Turkish Christians in the Turfan and Tun-huang Manuscripts,” pp. 56-57.
[61] Lin Lijuan, “A New Syriac Witness to Aristotle’s Categories from Turfan,” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 171, No. 2, 2021, pp. 291-322.
[62] Ibid., 2021, 315.
[63] Ibid., 2021, 317.
[64] Mark Dickens, “Multilingual Christian Manuscripts from Turfan,” pp. 30-32; Nicholas Sims-Williams, Biblical and other Christian Sogdian texts from the Turfan Collection, pp. 135-137.
[65] Mark Dickens & Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Christian Calendrical Fragments from Turfan,” in Living the Lunar Calendar, eds. J. Ben-Dov, W. Horowitz & J. M. Steele (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2012), pp. 269-296.
[66] Nicholas Sims-Williams, “A Christian Sogdian polemic against the Manichaeans,” in Religious themes and texts of pre-Islamic Iran and Central Asia (Beiträge zur Iranistik 24), eds. Carlo G. Cereti, Mauro Maggi & Elio Provasi (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2003), pp. 399-408.
[67] Werner Sundermann, “Ein manichäischer Traktat über und wider die Christen,” in Exegisti monumenta: Festschrift in honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams, eds. Werner Sundermann, Almut Hintze & François De Blois (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2009), pp. 497-508.
[68] Peter Zieme, “Ein Hochzeitssegen uigurischer Christen,” in Scholia: Beiträge zur Turkologie und Zentralasienkunde, eds. Klaus Röhrborn & Horst Wilfrid Brands (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1981), pp. 221-232; Peter Zieme, Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien, pp. 107-111.
[69] 还有一件用叙利亚文书写的新波斯语婚姻契约,是一件较大的写本的一部分。该写本大部分用叙利亚语书写,很可能来自吐鲁番,目前保存在台湾;见Alexey Muraviev, “The New Persian Marriage Contract in the Syriac Manuscript from Turfan,” in The History behind the Languages: Essays of Turfan Forum on Old Languages of the Silk Road, ed. Academia Turfanica (Shanghai: Academia Turfanica, 2012), pp. 160-164.
[70] Werner Sundermann, “Der Schüler fragt den Lehrer: Eine Sammlung biblischer Rätsel in soghdischer Sprache,” in A Green Leaf: Papers in Honour of Professor Jes P. Asmussen (Acta Iranica 28), eds. Werner Sundermann, Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin & Faridun Vahman (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1988), pp. 173-186.
[71] Simone-Christiane Raschmann, “Traces of Christian communities in the Old Turkish documents,”(古代突厥语文书所见基督教教团的痕迹),张定京、阿不都热西提·亚库甫主编:《突厥语文学研究——耿世民教授80华诞纪念文集》,北京:中央民族大学出版社,2009年,第408—425页。
[72] 笔者与纳塔利娅·斯梅洛娃(Natalia Smelova)正在准备撰写关于这类文本的文章。
[73] 参见刘文锁、王泽祥、王龙:《新疆吐鲁番西旁景教寺院遗址:2021年考古发掘的主要收获与初步认识》,《西域研究》,2022年第1期,第74—80页,第171页。
[74] 参见 Nicholas Sims-Williams, “Sogdian and Turkish Christians in the Turfan and Tun-huang Manuscripts,” pp. 49-51, 54.
[75] 参见Werner Sundermann, “Byzanz und Bulayïq,” in Iranian and Indo-European Studies: Memorial Volume of Otakar Klíma, ed. Petr Vavroušek (Praha: Enigma Corporation, 1994), pp. 255-264; Miklós Maróth, “Ein Brief aus Turfan,” pp. 283-287.