英语长难句信息量大，句子较长，结构复杂，逻辑性强，从句多，修饰语多，并列成分多，分隔现象普遍，有时还出现倒装、省略现象。
学好英语，除了扎实的词汇基础外，阅读长难句的能力也十分重要。这篇文章汇总了今年高考英语中难度较大的长难句，并进行简单分析。建议经常在长难句上“吃亏”的同学收藏起来，慢慢揣摩学习。
1.
A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
句意为：例如，一条污浊的小溪，在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后，通常会变得清澈。
本句中
for example
为插入语，
after flowing through plants and along rocks ...
为时间状语，其中包含一个由
where
引导的定语从句，修饰先行词
rocks
。（新课标
I
卷）
2.
In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
句意为：在第一部分中，我论述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先探讨了到底是什么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受，然后对数字极简主义生活准则进行详细讨论。
starting with …
为分词结构作状语；t
hat
引导定语从句，修饰先行词
forces
。（新课标
I
卷）
3.
At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
句意为：在这三十天结束时，你可以恢复少量精心挑选的，你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。
that
引导定语从句，修饰先行词
online activities
；y
ou value
为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词t
he things
。（新课标
I
卷）
4.
You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
句意为：你将了解到这些参与者的故事，知悉哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。
learn
后有两个由
what
引导的宾语从句，
th
at
引导定语从句，修饰先行词
t
raps
。（新课标
I
卷）
5.
In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.
句意为：在这些章节中，我探讨了独处的重要性，以及培养高质量休闲活动的必要性等问题，以取代现在大多数人漫无目的地使用电子设备而花费的时间。
most now spend on …
为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词
the time
，
most
意为“大多数人”。（新课标
I
卷）
6.
The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
句意为：这项研究的重要发现是，当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时，这些群体（估算）的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确
。
本句主干是个主系表结构：
the key finding of the study was that ...
；
that
引导的表语从句由一个主从复合句构成，其中
when
引导的条件状语从句中又包含一个
that
引导的定语从句，修饰先行词
smaller groups
，主句
the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals
中的
those
指代
the averages
。（新课标
I
卷）
7.
The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.
句意为：阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就已有展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。
句子主干是：
The image of the reader appears throughout history
。
in art …
作状语，
made long before book
s … came into being
作后置定语，修饰
art；as we now know them
为插入语。
（新课标
Ⅱ
卷）
8.
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
句意为：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术品的原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。
本句为主从复合句，主句的主干为
artists have used them as the raw material for artworks
。
as
引导原因状语从句，主句后的动词
-ing
短语作伴随状语。（新课标
Ⅱ
卷）
9
.
They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
句意为：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。
句子主干是：
They surveyed several hundred park-goers
；
asking them ... nature in the park
作伴随状语；
伴随状语中
they had with nature in the park
是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词
interaction
。（新课标
Ⅱ
卷）
10.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
句意为：为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个可用的语言，它有助于帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。
句子主干是：
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language；which
引导定语从句，修饰先行词
language
，该定语从句中又包含另一个定语从句
that are most satisfying and meaningful to them
，修饰先行词
activities
。（新课标
Ⅱ
卷）
11.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better.
句意为：魏纳写每一章都以城际火车旅行的场景开始，然后把每位哲学家的作品通过一件事来说明，而他们的作品能让我们把这件事做得更好。
本句中动词
starts
和
frames
是两个并列的谓语成分，
they can help us do better
是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词
one thin
g
。
they
指代哲学家的作品。（全国甲卷）
