重磅！国产疫苗获世卫批准！印度疫情或严重低估，未来三月至关重要！本周还有这些新冠研究新进展......

魔都晨曦来临 · 公众号 · · 2021-05-09 20:00

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Dr. Boarhead’s Summary of Global Updates on the 2019 Novel Coronavirus: 9 May 2021

1. 《柳叶刀》：与白人相比，即便考虑到社会人口统计学、临床和家庭三方面的特征差异，英格兰的南亚裔、黑人等少数族裔仍面临新冠检测呈阳性和患病后出现不良结果的额外风险。（ 4 月 30 日）

［关键信息］少数族裔在英格兰面临更高的新冠风险。

Lancet : In England, minority ethnic populations like South Asians and the Black people have excess risks of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and of adverse COVID-19 outcomes compared with the white population, even after accounting for differences in sociodemographic, clinical, and household characteristics. <30 Apr.>

[key info] Ethnic minorities face higher risks of COVID-19 in England.

[link]

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00634-6/fulltext

2. 《柳叶刀》：英国的一项随机对照试验表明，对于新冠重症住院患者，使用托珠单抗治疗可降低死亡率，提高康复出院的可能性，并降低需要有创机械通气的概率。（ 5 月 1 日）

［关键信息］托珠单抗可改善生存率和其他临床结果。

Lancet : A randomized and controlled trial in the UK has showed that for patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19, treatment with tocilizumab reduces mortality, increases the chances of successful hospital discharge, and reduces the chances of requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. <1 May>

[key info] Tocilizumab may improve survival and other clinical outcomes.

[link]

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00676-0/fulltext

3. 《新英格兰医学杂志》：在一项南非进行的 II 期试验中，HIV 阴性或病情稳定的 HIV 阳性成年人接种两剂 NVX-CoV2373 疫苗或安慰剂。在 2684 名初始血清抗体呈阴性的受试者中（ 94% 呈 HIV 阴性，6% 呈 HIV 阳性），疫苗组内 15 人感染新冠，对照组中 29 人感染。该疫苗对 HIV 阴性受试者的有效性为 60.1% 。经测序，41 株分离毒株中 38 株（ 92.7% ）为 B.1.351 变异株。事后分析显示，该疫苗对 B.1.351 的有效性为 51.0% 。（ 5 月 5 日）

［关键信息］对于 HIV 阴性受试者，NVX-CoV2373 疫苗预防新冠的有效性为 60.1% 。

New England Journal of Medicine : In a phase 2 trial in South Africa, HIV - negative or medically stable HIV-positive adults received two doses of either the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine or the placebo. Among 2,684 baseline seronegative participants (94% HIV-negative and 6% HIV-positive), COVID-19 developed in 15 participants in the vaccine group and in 29 in the placebo group. Vaccine efficacy among HIV-negative participants was 60.1%. Of 41 sequenced isolates, 38 (92.7%) were the B.1.351 variant. Post hoc vaccine efficacy against B.1.351 was 51.0%. <5 May>

[key info] The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine was 60.1% effective against COVID-19 among HIV-negative participants.

[link]

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2103055?query=featured_coronavirus

4. 英国广播公司：世界贸易组织拟暂时解除对新冠疫苗的专利保护。据称，该组织 164 个成员国中，有 100 国支持该计划，包括美国。一组知识产权专家预计下月就此研讨。该计划的支持者认为，暂解专利保护的计划如获通过，将提升疫苗产量，可向较不富裕的国家供应更多平价疫苗。（ 5 月 5 日）

［关键信息］ 100 个国家支持取消新冠疫苗的知识产权。

BBC: 100 of the 164 member states, including the US, are said to be in favour of the WTO’s plan to temporarily lift patent protection for COVID-19 vaccines. A panel on intellectual property is expected to discuss the issue next month. If approved, supporters say, the waiver would allow the production of vaccines to be ramped up and provide more affordable doses for less wealthy countries. <5 May>

[key info] 100 states back the waiver of intellectual property rights for COVID-19 vaccines.

[link]

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57004302

5. 莫德纳：一项 II 期研究的初步数据显示，已接种疫苗者若再注射一剂 50 微克的 mRNA-1273 或 mRNA-1273.351 疫苗，该加强针将提高对新冠病毒及 B.1.351 和 P.1 两种变异株的中和抗体滴度反应。对于 B.1.351 变异株，一剂 mRNA-1273.351 加强针激发产生的中和抗体滴度，高于一剂 mRNA-1273 加强针。（ 5 月 5 日）

［关键信息］一剂莫德纳疫苗加强针或可提高对新冠病毒的免疫力。

Moderna: Initial data from a phase 2 study shows that a single 50 µg dose of the mRNA-1273 or the mRNA-1273.351 vaccine given as a booster to previously vaccinated individuals increased neutralizing antibody titer responses against SARS-CoV-2 and two variants, B.1.351 and P.1. A booster dose of mRNA-1273.351 achieved higher neutralizing antibody titers against the B.1.351 variant than a booster dose of mRNA-1273. <5 May>

[key info] A booster dose of Moderna’s vaccine may enhance immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

[link]

https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-positive-initial-booster-data-against-sars-cov

6. 路透社：韩国疾病管理厅公布的数据显示，辉瑞疫苗第一剂接种至少两周后，预防感染的有效性为 89.7% ，阿斯利康疫苗的有效性则为 86.0% 。这项研究的对象为韩国逾 350 万 60 岁及以上老人。（ 5 月 5 日）

［关键信息］一项韩国的研究发现，对于 60 岁及以上老人，一剂辉瑞疫苗的有效性为 89.7% ，阿斯利康疫苗的有效性为 86.0% 。

Reuters: Data by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency showed that the Pfizer vaccine was 89.7% effective in preventing infection at least two weeks after a first dose was given, while the AstraZeneca shot was 86.0% effective. Its analysis was based on more than 3.5 million people in South Korea aged 60 and older. <5 May>

[key info] A South Korean study finds that among people aged 60 and older, one dose of the Pfizer vaccine is 89.7% effective and one dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine 86.0% effective.

[link]

https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/skorea-says-astrazeneca-pfizer-covid-19-vaccines-87-effective-after-first-shot-2021-05-05/

重磅！国产疫苗获世卫批准！印度疫情或严重低估，未来三月至关重要！本周还有这些新冠研究新进展......

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