Watch Out for Getting IT by Dirty Hands 小心手脏惹到它

广东疾控 · 公众号 · 养生 · 2017-06-19 22:28

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Coxsackieviruses are part of the enterovirus family of viruses (which also includes polioviruses and hepatitis A virus) that live in the human digestive tract. They can spread from person to person, usually on unwashed hands and surfaces contaminated by feces, where they can live for several days.

柯萨奇病毒是肠道病毒家族的其中一种（其中还包括脊灰病毒和甲肝病毒），存在于人体的消化道。一般通过未洗净的双手以及被粪便污染的物体表面进行人际传播，病毒能在被污染的双手和物体表面存活数天。

In most cases, coxsackieviruses cause mild flu-like symptoms and go away without treatment. But in some cases, they can lead to more serious infections.

大部分柯萨奇病毒会引起像感冒一样的症状，不需治疗即可自愈。但在某些情况下，可以导致更严重的感染。

Coxsackievirus can produce a wide variety of symptoms. About half of all kids infected with coxsackievirus have no symptoms. Others suddenly develop high fever, headache, and muscle aches, and some also develop a sore throat, abdominal discomfort, or nausea. In most kids, the fever lasts about 3 days, then disappears.

柯萨奇病毒可以产生各种各样的症状。大约有一半的小孩感染柯萨奇病毒后不会出现症状。其他患儿会突然发高烧、头疼以及肌肉疼痛，还有一些患儿会出现喉咙痛、腹部不适或恶心。大部分孩子发烧持续约3天后就退烧。

Coxsackieviruses can also cause several different diseases that affect different body parts, including:

柯萨奇病毒也可以导致影响身体不同部位的数个疾病，包括：

Hand, foot, and mouth disease , a type of coxsackievirus syndrome, causes painful red blisters in the throat and on the tongue, gums, hard palate, inside of the cheeks, and the palms of hands and soles of the feet.

手足口病： 一种柯萨奇病毒感染综合征，感染后会在喉咙、舌头上、牙龈、硬腭、脸颊内侧以及手掌和脚底长出疼痛的红色水泡。

Herpangina , an infection of the throat which causes red-ringed blisters and ulcers on the tonsils and soft palate, the fleshy back portion of the roof of the mouth.

疱疹性咽峡炎： 感染后会在扁桃体、软腭以及口腔上部出现带红边的水泡和溃疡。

Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis , an infection that affects the whites of the eyes. Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis usually begins as eye pain, followed quickly by red, watery eyes with swelling, light sensitivity, and blurred vision.

出血性结膜炎： 感染后会影响眼白，出血性结膜炎一般会先引起眼睛疼，随后眼睛很快变红、水肿、畏光以及视力模糊。

Prevention

预防

There is no vaccine to prevent coxsackievirus infection.

目前没有疫苗能预防柯萨奇病毒感染。

Hand washing is the best protection. Remind everyone in your family to wash their hands frequently, particularly after using the toilet (especially those in public places), after changing a diaper, before meals, and before preparing food. Shared toys in childcare centers should be routinely cleaned with a disinfectant because the virus can live on these objects for days.

勤洗手是最好的保护措施。提醒家人也要勤洗手，特别是如厕后（尤其是公共场所的厕所）、更换尿片后、吃饭前以及准备食物前。托幼中心的共享玩具应定期用消毒剂清洗，因为病毒能在该些物品上存活数日。

Kids who are sick with a coxsackievirus infection should be kept out of school or childcare for a few days to avoid spreading the infection.

柯萨奇病毒感染患儿应居家休息以免在学校或幼儿园传播感染。

（来源：美国KidsHealth from Nemours ）

（感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导）

统筹：宁可儿

翻译：曦檬子

美编：晓马哥

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