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【保险学术前沿】Journal of Health Economics 2023年保险精选文章目录与摘要

13个精算师  · 公众号  ·  · 2024-08-18 10:05

正文


声明:本系列文章基于原期刊目录和摘要内容整理而得,仅限于读者交流学习。如有侵权,请联系删除。


期刊介绍:


《Journal of Health Economics》(《健康经济学杂志》)是一本专注于健康和医疗保健经济学领域的学术期刊。该期刊成立于1982年,它涉及的主题包括健康服务的生产和供应、健康服务的需求和利用、健康服务的融资、健康的决定因素(包括健康投资和风险健康行为)、疾病不良后果、需求者、供应者和其他卫生保健机构的行为模型、政策干预的评估以及卫生政策的效率和分配等方面。该刊每年发行6期,平均每期发表文章10篇左右,2023年影响因子为3.4。


本期看点:


长期护理保险:

美国的"Own Your Future"运动(一项联邦和州联合发起的倡议,旨在提高人们对长期护理规划的认识)使资产分布前五分之一人群的长期护理保险覆盖率提高了4%,也使Medicaid计划节省了4.83亿美元的现值。

长期护理保险覆盖降低了父母对其子女未来照顾他们的意愿,且对于成年子女来说,长期护理保险导致成年子女与父母同居的可能性降低,劳动力市场依附性增强。

利用中国公共LTCI试点项目的一个类实验研究,长期护理保险使老年人家庭的非健康消费增加了15.7%,这一增长主要体现在没有成员需要长期护理的家庭中。对于预期长期护理风险较高、财富较少、家庭保障较少以及由福利更慷慨的计划保障的家庭,这种影响更为显著。

保护带病体医疗保险的定价法规:

与“保证续保”(要求保险公司统一提高未来的保费)相比,“社区分级”(要求保险公司收取统一的保费)导致参加Medigap(私人医疗保险)人数减少了9.70%,Medigap年度保费增加了10.1%,推迟购买保险的时间增加了1.08年。

家庭保险:

工作与健康计划锁定:家庭在遭受健康冲击后,成员一年内离开目前健康计划的可能性降低了7%-14%,健康计划的主要投保人的一年工作流动率降低了约13%。

最低工资与雇主提供医疗保险:

在美国,最低工资每增加1美元,提供医疗保险的雇主比例会下降0.92%,这主要是由小雇主和低薪员工占比较大的雇主导致。每增加1美元,具有免赔额要求的计划的普及率也会增加1.83%。

医疗保险与医疗进步:

虽然通过医疗保险对医疗保健进行补贴会造成过度的医疗保健支出,但同时也能促进医疗进步的速度,诱导医疗进步所带来的预期寿命的延长足以弥补这一不足。


※ 本期目录


Do minimum wage laws affect employer-sponsored insurance provision?

The intracorrelation of family health insurance and job lock.

The impact of a long-term care information campaign on insurance coverage.

Family spillovers and long-term care insurance.

Pricing regulations in individual health insurance:Evidence from Medigap.

Health insurance,endogenous medical progress,health expenditure growth,and welfare.

Financial transaction costs reduce benefit take-up evidence from zero-premium health insurance plans in Colorado.

Public long-term care insurance and consumption of elderly households:Evidence from China.



Do minimum wage laws affect employer-sponsored insurance provision?


最低工资法会影响雇主赞助保险的供应吗?


作者

Mark K Meiselbach(约翰霍普金斯大学), Jean M Abraham(明尼苏达大学)



摘要:Employers may respond to minimum wage increases by adjusting their health benefits.We examine the impact of state minimum wage increases on employer health benefit offerings using the 2002–2020 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey –Insurance/Employer Component data.Our primary regression specifications are difference-in-differences models that estimate the relationship between within-state changes in employer-sponsored insurance and minimum wage laws over time. We find that a $1 increase in minimum wages is associated with a 0.92 percentage point(p.p.)decrease in the percentage of employers offering health insurance,largely driven by small employers and employers with a greater share of low-wage employees.A $1 increase is also associated with a 1.83 p.p. increase in the prevalence of plans with a deductible requirement,but we do not find consistent evidence that other benefit characteristics are affected.We find no consequent change in uninsurance,likely explained by an increase in Medicaid enrollment.


雇主可以通过调整健康福利来应对最低工资的上涨。我们使用2002-2020年医疗支出追踪调查-保险/雇主组成部分数据来研究州最低工资上涨对雇主提供的健康福利的影响。我们的主要回归模型是双重差分模型,该模型估计了雇主提供的保险与最低工资法随时间推移的州内变化之间的关系。我们发现,最低工资每增加1美元,提供医疗保险的雇主比例就会下降0.92个百分点,这主要是由小雇主和低薪员工比例较大的雇主导致的。每增加1美元,具有免赔额要求的计划的普及率也会增加1.83个百分点,但我们没有发现一致的证据表明其他福利特征受到影响。我们发现无保险率没有随之变化,这可能是由于参加Medicaid人数增加所致。


原文链接:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629623001029



The intracorrelation of family health insurance and job lock


家庭医疗保险与工作锁定的内在关联


作者

Marion Aouad 加州大学欧文分校)



摘要:This paper tests for the presence of job lock and “health insurance plan lock” stemming from the health shock of a child family member.Using the onset of an acute, unanticipated health shock,I estimate a 7–14 percent decreased likelihood of all family members leaving their current health insurance network and health plan within one year of the emergency.This corresponds to a reduced one-year job mobility rate of approximately 13 percent for the health plan’s primary policyholder.Furthermore,the non-portability of health insurance products may contribute to the observed job and health plan lock.


本文检验了由于儿童家庭成员的健康冲击而产生的工作锁定和“医疗保险计划锁定”的现象。利用突发的、未预见的健康冲击,本文估计了所有家庭成员在紧急情况发生后一年内离开他们目前的医疗保险网络和健康计划的可能性降低了7%-14%。这相当于健康计划的主要投保人的一年工作流动率降低了约13%。此外,医疗保险产品的不可移植性也可能是观察到的工作与健康计划锁定的一个原因。


原文链接:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629623000267



The impact of a long-term care information campaign on insurance coverage


长期护理宣传活动对保险覆盖面的影响


作者

Jessica H. Brown(美国南卡罗来纳大学)



摘要:I estimate the impact of an information campaign on long-term care planning behaviors.I identify this effect using the staggered timing of the federal-state “Own Your Future” campaign,which urged individuals to plan ahead for long-term care needs and reached 26 states over five years.I find the campaign increased long-term care insurance coverage for individuals in the top quintile of the asset distribution by four percentage points, or seventeen percent. A back-of-the-envelope calculation indicates Medicaid savings of $483 million in present value.


本文估计了一个信息宣传活动对个人的长期护理规划行为的影响。本文利用联邦—州"Own Your Future"运动的多时点来识别这种效果影响,该运动敦促个人提前为长期护理需求做好规划,并在五年内覆盖了26个州。本文发现,该运动使资产分布前五分之一人群的长期护理保险覆盖率提高了四个百分点,即增加到了17%。通过回溯计算,Medicaid计划节省了4.83亿美元的现值。


原文链接:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629623000991



Family spillovers and long-term care insurance


家庭溢出效应与长期护理保险


作者

Norma B. Coe(宾夕法尼亚大学), Gopi Shah Goda(斯坦福大学), Courtney Harold Van Houtven(杜克大学)



摘要:We examine how long-term care insurance (LTCI) affects informal care use and expectations among the insured individuals and co-residence and labor market outcomes of their adult children.We address the endogeneity of LTCI coverage by instrumenting for LTCI with changes in state tax treatment of LTCI insurance policies.We do not find evidence of reductions in informal care use over a horizon of approximately eight years.However,we find that LTCI coverage reduces parents’ perceptions of the willingness of their children to care for them in the future and that the behavior of adult children changes,with LTCI resulting in lower likelihoods of adult children co-residing and stronger labor market attachment.These findings provide empirical support for the presence of spillovers of LTCI on the economic behaviors of family members.


我们研究长期护理保险(LTCI)如何影响被保险人对非正式护理的使用和期望,以及他们成年子女的同居和劳动力市场结果。我们通过使用州对长期护理保险政策的税收处理变化作为工具变量来解决LTCI覆盖的内生性问题。我们没有发现在大约八年的时间范围内非正式护理使用减少的证据。然而,我们发现长期护理保险覆盖降低了父母对其子女未来照顾他们的意愿,并且成年子女的行为发生了变化,长期护理保险导致成年子女同居的可能性降低,劳动力市场依附性增强。这些发现为长期护理保险对家庭成员经济行为的溢出效应提供了实证支持。


原文链接:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629623000589



Pricing regulations in individual health insurance: Evidence from Medigap


个人医疗保险的定价法规:来自Medigap的证据


作者

Vilsa E. Curto(哈佛大学)



摘要:I compare two pricing regulations that protect those with health conditions—“community rating,”which requires insurers to charge uniform premiums,and “guaranteed renewal,”which requires insurers to increase future premiums uniformly. Using individual-level Medigap data from 2006–2010,I compare individuals within 25 miles of borders between 3 community rating and 6 guaranteed renewal states.Relative to guaranteed renewal, community rating (with guaranteed issue) leads to a decrease in Medigap enrollment of 9.70 pp (29.7%),or 26.8–33.7% for low-spending conditions (diabetes,heart disease) and 21.9–29.9% for high-spending conditions (cancer,kidney disease); an increase in annual Medigap premiums of $276 (10.1%);a decrease in the likelihood of an earlier purchase of 7.99 pp (50.3%);and an increase in purchase delay of 1.08 years (17.0%).


本文比较了两种保护带病体的定价法规--“社区评级”和“保证续保”。“社区评级”要求保险公司收取统一的保费,而“保证续保”则要求保险公司统一提高未来的保费。我使用2006-2010年的个人Medigap数据,比较了3个社区评级州和6个保证续保州边界25英里范围内的个人。与保证续保相比,社区分级(保证发行)导致参加Medigap人数减少了9.70个百分点(29.7%),即低支出(糖尿病、心脏病)带病体减少26.8-33.7%,高支出(癌症,肾脏病)带病体减少21.9-29.9%。Medigap年度保费增加了276美元(10.1%);提前购买的可能性减少了7.99个百分点(50.3%);推迟购买的时间增加了1.08年(17.0%)。


原文链接:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629623000620



Health insurance,endogenous medical progress,health expenditure growth,and welfare


医疗保险、内生医疗进步、医疗支出增长与福利


作者

Ivan Frankovic(德国联邦银行), Michael Kuhn(维也纳大学)



摘要:We study the impact of health insurance expansion on medical spending,longevity and welfare in an OLG economy in which individuals purchase health care to lower mortality and medical progress is profit-driven.Three sectors are considered: final goods production;a health care sector,selling medical services to individuals;and an R&D sector,selling increasingly effective medical technology to the health care sector.We calibrate the model to the development of the US economy/health care system from 1965 to 2005 and study numerically the impact of the insurance expansion. We find that more extensive health insurance accounts for a large share of the rise in US health spending but also boosts the rate of medical progress.A welfare analysis shows that while the subsidization of health care through health insurance creates excessive health care spending, the gains in life expectancy brought about by induced medical progress more than compensate for this.


我们研究了在个人购买医疗服务以降低死亡率、医疗进步以利润为驱动力的OLG经济中,医疗保险扩张对医疗支出、寿命和福利的影响。我们考虑了三个部门:最终产品生产部门,向个人销售医疗服务的医疗保健部门,以及向医疗保健部门销售日益有效的医疗技术的研发部门。我们根据1965年至2005年美国经济/医疗体系的发展情况对模型进行了校准,并运用数值研究了保险扩张的影响。我们发现,更广泛的医疗保险占美国医疗支出增长的很大一部分,同时也促进了医疗进步的速度。福利分析表明,虽然通过医疗保险对医疗保健进行补贴会造成过度的医疗保健支出,但诱导医疗进步所带来的预期寿命的延长足以弥补这一点。


原文链接:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016762962200131X



Financial transaction costs reduce benefit take-up evidence from zero-premium health insurance plans in Colorado


金融交易成本降低福利覆盖率:来自科罗拉多州零保费医疗保险计划的证据


作者

Coleman Drake(匹兹堡大学), David Anderson(杜克大学), Sih-Ting Cai(匹兹堡大学), Daniel W. Sacks(威斯康星大学)









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