Once a really good, portable, patient-friendly BCI is available, it is not hard to think of medical conditions that affect a large number of people and could potentially justify surgery. More than 50m people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, and 40% of those do not respond to medication. Depression affects more than 300m people worldwide; many of them might benefit from a BCI that monitored the brain for biomarkers of such mental disorders and delivered appropriate stimulation. The quality of life of many older people suffering from dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) could be improved by a device that helped them swallow whenever they wanted to. “A closed-loop system for recording from a brain and responding in a medically useful way is not a small market,” says Dr Hochberg.
一旦出现了一个真正出色、便携、让病人觉得简单易用的BCI，要选择影响了一大批人、值得尝试手术的疾病并不难。全世界有超过五千万人患有癫痫，其中有四成人对药物无响应；三亿多人患有不同程度的抑郁，假如有一种BCI可以监测大脑中这类精神障碍的生物标志物并实施恰当的刺激，那么其中有许多人可能受益；许多老人患有吞咽障碍，如果有一种设备可以帮助他们想吃就吃，将会改善他们的生活质量。“一个能够读取大脑活动并用有益于治疗的方式做出回应的闭合回路系统不会是一个小市场。”霍赫贝格说。
That may still bring to mind the aphorism of Peter Thiel, a Silicon Valley grandee, about having been promised flying cars and getting 140 characters. There is a large gap between dreamy talk of symbiosis with AI, or infrared eyesight, and taking years to build a better brain implant for medical purposes. But if a device to deliver a real-time, high-resolution, long-lasting picture of neural activity can be engineered, that gap will shrink spectacularly.
这可能仍然会让你想到硅谷名人彼得·泰尔（Peter Thiel）的那句名言：我们想要一辆会飞的车，得到的却是140 个字符。在人机共生体、红外视觉这类梦幻般的构想和花很多年打造一个更好的医用脑植入物之间，有着巨大的差距。但是，如果我们能够设计出一套设备来描绘出一幅实时、高精度、长久持续的神经活动图像，那么这个距离将惊人地被缩短。
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