山东科技大学《ACS ANM》：“滚珠轴承”状碳球/石墨烯复合纤维，用于高性能柔性超级电容器

图1.NHCS/GFx的制造过程示意图。

图2. SEM images of (a–c) GF 0 , (d–f) NHCS/GF 1 , (g–i) NHCS/GF 2 , (j–l) NHCS/GF 3 , and (m–o) NHCS/GF 4 .

图3. (a) Stress–strain curves of GF 0 and NHCS/GF x . (b) Comparison of the mechanical properties of NHCS/GF 4 with composite graphene fibers ( Table S1) (inset: schematic diagram of NHCS/GF composite fiber principles). (c) N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and (d) associated curves depicting the pore size distributions for the obtained GF 0 and NHCS/GF x samples. For NHCS/GF 1 , NHCS/GF 2 , NHCS/GF 3 , and NHCS/GF 4 , the d V /d D values were shifted respectively to 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 cm 3 g –1 nm –1 .

图 4. (a) XPS survey scan spectra of the different samples. XPS scan spectra of the (b) C, (c) O, and (d) N element of the GF 0 and NHCS/GF 4 . (e) Schematic diagram of nitrogen species.

图5. GCD curves of (a) GF 0 , (b) NHCS/GF 1 , (c) NHCS/GF 2 , (d) NHCS/GF 3 , and (e) NHCS/GF 4 . (f) GCD curves of GF 0 and NHCS/GF x at a current density of 1 A cm –3 .

图6 . (a) Schematic illustration of the symmetric supercapacitor in an all-solid-state configuration. (b) CV curves of the device. (c) CV curves obtained at different bending angles (with accompanying digital images of the device at these angles shown in the inset). (d) GCD curv es of the device. (e) Device cycling stability at 1 A cm –3 . (f) Ragone plots of the all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitors (inset: green LED lit by three devices in series).

总之，通过对 GO 和 NHCS 的非液态结晶分散体进行湿法纺丝，然后进行化学还原，合成了具有分层孔隙结构的 “滚珠轴承 ”结构 NHCS/GFx 复合纤维。通过调节 NHCS 的含量可以优化其机械性能和电化学性能。成型的 “滚珠轴承 ”结构赋予了 NHCS/GF4 16.38% 的显著断裂应变和 4.5 MJ m-3 的高韧性。得益于分层孔隙结构和氮官能团的引入，NHCS/GF4 达到了峰值电容和优异的速率性能。此外，对称全固态超级电容器还具有出色的柔韧性和稳定性，峰值能量密度达到 24.99 mW h cm-3，体积功率密度达到 822 mW cm-3。由于 NHCS/GF 复合纤维具有优异的断裂应变和柔韧性，因此在可穿戴技术、柔性电子产品和智能织物等领域的实际应用前景非常广阔。值得注意的是，NHCS/GF 复合纤维增强的机械柔韧性和优异的电化学特性使其成为用于可拉伸储能设备、适应性传感器和自主供电电子服装的理想材料。展望未来，未来的工作重点可能是优化 “滚珠轴承 ”结构，进一步提高电化学性能和韧性，并将其集成到多功能可穿戴系统中，特别是下一代健康监测设备、自供电传感器和智能纺织品。