社会–生态因素对青藏高原内保护区土地利用转型的贡献：从强干预向新平衡转变

The establishment and management of protected areas (PAs) often involve modifying traditional land use rights and changing the production and living activities of locals, which can lead to changes in the factors that drive land use transitions. Our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of land use transition and the contri butions of social-ecological drivers remains incomplete. In this study, we focused on the Yarlung Zangbu Grand Canyon National Park and examined how social-ecological factors influence land use transitions by developing a theoretical model of land use transitions within PAs. Our findings revealed that cropland, shrubland, grassland, and wetland experienced net losses in area, while forestland, water, ice/snow, barren land, and impervious land exhib ited fluctuating growth patterns from 1985 to 2020. The net decrease in grassland was 157425.60 ha, while the net increase in forest was 140709.20 ha. The quality of land habitat increased from 0.5158 to 0.6656. Land use domi nant and recessive transitions displayed varying spatial characteristics and scales across different time periods. In particular, the degree of influence of policy factors on land use dominant transition declined from 0.0800 in 1985–1990 to –0.0432 in 2010–2020, while its influence on land use recessive transition declined from 0.00058 in 1985–1990 to 0 in 2010–2020. The results show that social-ecological factors intricately influenced different types of land use transitions, leading to a shift from a balanced state to a new equilibrium. These results enhance our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and complex dynamics of land use transitions within PAs, providing insights and practical implications for effective land management in PAs by considering the land-human relation ships.

保护区的建立和管理往往会改变传统的土地使用权及当地居民的生产生活活动，这可能导致土地利用转型驱动因 素发生变化。然而，现有研究中土地利用转型的时空模式及社会-生态驱动因素的贡献仍缺乏探索。本文以雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家 公园为研究对象，建立保护区内土地利用转型的理论模型，探究了社会-生态因素对土地利用转型的影响。研究表明：（1）1985–2020 年，耕地、灌丛、草地和湿地面积净减少，而林地、水域、冰雪、荒地和建设用地面积呈波动增长，其中草地净减少 157425.60 ha， 森林净增加 140709.20 ha；土地生境质量由 0.5158 提高到 0.6656。（2）土地利用显性和隐性转换在不同时期表现出不同的空间 特征和尺度，其中政策因子对土地利用显性转型的影响程度从 1985–1990 年的 0.0800 下降到 2010–2020 年的–0.0432，对土地利 用隐性转型的影响程度从 1985–1990 年的 0.00058 下降到 2010–2020 年的 0。（3）社会–生态因素错综复杂地影响着不同类型的 土地利用转型，推动土地利用从一个平衡转变为一个新平衡状态。研究结果增强了我们对保护区内土地利用转型的时空模式和复 杂动态的理解，从人地关系视角为保护区的土地有效管理提供了见解和实践指导。