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外刊阅读20240820｜为什么天气太热就没胃口？

考研英语外刊阅读 · 公众号 · · 2024-08-20 07:59

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上期划线句答案

However, Dr Danielle Adams Norenberg, the head of psychology at the UK Sports Institute, who works with Team GB, says they can actually give an edge: “I’m all for helping [athletes] figure out how they’re going to express themselves through their performance in a way that enhances their strengths and supports their methods.”

然而，英国体育学院心理学主任丹妮尔·亚当斯·诺伦伯格表示，这实际上可以带来优势：“我完全赞成帮助（运动员）通过赛场表现找到一种表达自我的方式，既能提高他们的能力，又能支持他们的训练方法。”

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本期内容

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双语阅读

Para.1

Our bodies are always trying to keep internal conditions stable. This is called homeostasis. It's why we sweat in the scorching sun or drink water after a strenuous workout. Hunger is also homeostatic; we feel hungry when our body is low on calories and feel full after eating a meal, keeping our inner physiological state balanced.

我们的身体总是努力维持内部状态稳定，这被称为内稳态。这就是为什么我们在烈日下会出汗，或在剧烈运动后会喝水。饥饿也是一种内稳态；当我们的身体缺乏卡路里时我们会感到饥饿，而在进食后感到饱足，从而保持我们内部生理状态的平衡。

1. scorching

/ˈskɔːtʃɪŋ/

adj. 炎热的; (批评)严厉的，尖刻的; 飞快的; 过早硫化的

v. 烧灼，炙烤; 烧焦，烫坏; 飞快移动，急驶(scorch 的现在分词)

2. strenuous

/ˈstrɛnjʊəs/

adj. 费力的，艰苦的; 积极的，坚决的

Para.2

Many homeostatic processes are maintained by hormones, which serve as chemical messengers in the body. With appetite and fullness, two hormones play a large role: ghrelin, which is released by the stomach when it is empty, and leptin, which is secreted by fat cells and tells the brain when the body is full.

许多稳态的过程依赖于激素，它们在体内充当化学信使的作用。对食欲和饱腹感的调节中，两个激素起着关键作用：胃饥饿素，当胃空时由胃释放；以及瘦素，由脂肪细胞分泌，告诉大脑身体吃饱了。

1. secrete

/sɪˈkriːt/

v. (动植物或其细胞)分泌; 隐藏，藏匿(小物件)

Para.3

To influence our feelings and behavior, these hormones then signal the hypothalamus , a part of the brain that works to regulate aspects like body temperature, hunger and thirst. At the bottom of the hypothalamus lies a mass of specialized neurons that "are orchestrating a sense of hunger and fullness," Carter said. There, ghrelin stimulates the neurons associated with hunger, called AgRP neurons, making you feel hungry. Leptin, in contrast, inhibits these neurons and stimulates POMC neurons, which make you feel full.

这些激素为了影响我们的感觉和行为，会向下丘脑发送信号。下丘脑是大脑中的一个区域，负责调节体温、饥饿和口渴等功能。卡特解释说，在下丘脑的底部有一团专门的神经元，它们“负责调节饥饿和饱腹感”。在这里，胃饥饿素会刺激与饥饿相关的AgRP神经元，让你感到饥饿。而瘦体素则会抑制这些神经元，并激活POMC神经元，让你感到饱足。

1. hypothalamus

/ˌhaɪpəˈθæləməs/

n. 下丘脑

2. orchestrate

/ˈɔːkɪˌstreɪt/

v. 把……编成管弦乐曲; 精心安排，密谋; 把……协调地结合起来

Para.4

But how temperature influences this intricate system is "still an open area of investigation," Carter said. The brain has sensors for temperature — proteins that change shape once your body hits a certain level of warmth. A study published in the journal eLife in 2020 found that in mice, certain brain cells send information to the AgRP neurons when temperatures are cold, which increases the feeling of hunger.

但是，温度会如何影响这个复杂的系统“仍然是一个待探索的领域，”卡特表示。大脑中有温度传感器——当身体温度达到一定水平时，传感器蛋白质会发生形状变化。2020年发表在《eLife》杂志上的一项研究发现，在小鼠中，当温度较低时，某些脑细胞会向AgRP神经元发送信号，从而增强饥饿感。

1. intricate

/ˈɪntrɪkɪt/

adj. 错综复杂的; 难理解的，难学会的

2. neuron

/ˈnjʊərɒn/

n. 神经元，神经单位

Para.5

外刊阅读20240820｜为什么天气太热就没胃口？

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