2022年（由于申请和公布之间的时间延迟，目前只有最近一年的完整数据），计算机技术仍然是全世界已公布专利申请中出现频率最高的技术，占全球总量的12.4%。位列其后的是电气机械（6.8%）、测量（5.9%）、医疗技术（5.4%）和数字通信（5.3%）。在排名前十位的技术领域中，计算机技术（+10.7%）是唯一一个在2012年至2022年期间实现两位数增长的领域。
In 2022 – the latest year for which complete data are available owing to the delay between application and publication – computer technology continues to be the most frequently featured technology in published patent applications worldwide, accounting for 12.4% of the world total. It was followed by electrical machinery (6.8%), measurement (5.9%), medical technology (5.4%) and digital communication (5.3%). Among the top 10 fields of technology, computer technology (+10.7%) is the only field to have witnessed double-digit growth between 2012 and 2022.
与太阳能、燃料电池、风能、地热能和水能等能源技术相关的已公布专利申请量从2007年的约2.94万件增至2022年的约4.47万件。
The number of published patent applications related to energy technologies – solar, fuel cell, wind, geothermal and hydro energy – increased from around 29,400 in 2007 to around 44,700 in 2022.
商标
Trademarks
据估算，2023年全球共提交了1,163万件商标申请，涵盖1,523万个类别。2023年，申请中指定的类数减少了2%，这是自2009年以来连续第二年出现减少。
An estimated 11.63 million trademark applications covering 15.23 million classes were filed worldwide in 2023. The number of classes specified in applications fell by 2% in 2023, marking the second consecutive annual decrease since 2009.
中国申请人的申请活动量最高，按国内和国外申请类数总和统计约为740万类；其次是美国（849,876类）、俄罗斯联邦（543,692类）、印度（496,293类）和德国（441,293类）的申请人。在前五大来源地中，印度（+6.1%）和俄罗斯联邦（+30.1%）在2023年的申请量都实现了增长，而中国（-3.4%）、德国（-7.3%）和美国（-10.1%）则有所下降。印度的增长是由于居民申请量和国外申请量双增长驱动的，而俄罗斯联邦的总体增长则完全是由于居民申请量的增长。德国和美国的总体下降归咎于居民申请量和国外申请量的双双下降，而中国的下降则是由居民申请量的下降造成的。
The highest volume of filing activity came from applicants based in China with a combined domestic and abroad application class count of around 7.4 million; followed by US applicants (849,876), those based in the Russian Federation (543,692), and applicants from India (496,293) and Germany (441,293). Among the top five origins, both India (+6.1%) and the Russian Federation (+30.1%) experienced growth in filings in 2023, while China (–3.4%), Germany (–7.3%) and the US (–10.1%) saw declines. For India, growth was driven by increases in both resident and abroad filing, whereas for the Russian Federation, the overall growth was solely due to an increase in resident filing. Declines in both resident and abroad filing contributed to the overall decrease for Germany and the US, while a drop in resident filing is the reason for the decline in China.
2023年全球申请量的下降要归咎于前20个来源地中有13个国家的申请量下降，其中瑞士（-10.5%）、土耳其（-17.6%）和美国（-10.1%）这三个来源地的申请量降幅达到两位。相比之下，其中七个来源地的商标申请量实现增长，包括印度尼西亚（+10%）、墨西哥（+11.1%）和俄罗斯联邦（+30.1%）的两位数增长。此外，巴西（+8.5%）在2023年也实现了健康增长。巴西的增长完全由国内申请量的增长推动。印度尼西亚和墨西哥国内和国外申请量的增长推动了其居民申请量的增长。
Contributing to the global decrease, filings from 13 of the top 20 countries of origin fell in 2023, with three origins – Switzerland (-10.5%), Türkiye (-17.6%) and the US (-10.1%) – experiencing double-digit declines. In contrast, trademark filing grew for seven of these, including double-digit growth for Indonesia (+10%), Mexico (+11.1%), and the Russian Federation (+30.1%). In addition, Brazil (+8.5%) also saw healthy growth in 2023. In the case of Brazil, growth was driven by an increase in domestic filing only. Growth in both domestic and abroad filing contributed to the growth for applications filed by residents of Indonesia and Mexico.
亚洲在全球商标申请量中占主导地位，占总量的66.7%，与十年前，即2013年的49%相比有了可观的增长。这一趋势导致同期其他五个区域的总体占比下降。2023年，欧洲占全球总量的17.2%，其次是拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，占7.1%，北美占5.8%。其余份额分布在非洲（1.9%）和大洋洲（1.3%）之间。
Asia dominated the global trademark filing landscape, constituting 66.7% of the total, a sizeable increase from its 49% share a decade earlier in 2013. This trend contributed to a decline in the overall shares of the other five geographical regions over the same period. Europe accounted for 17.2% of the world total in 2023, followed by the Latin America and the Caribbean region at 7.1% and the Northern American region at 5.8%. The remaining shares were distributed between Africa (1.9%) and Oceania (1.3%).
2023年，研究和技术领域吸引了最多在国外寻求商标保护的申请人，占所报告的全球非居民商标申请量的20.1%。其次是卫生（13.7%）、服装及配饰（12.4%）以及休闲和教育（10.1%）。农业（10.1%）、商业服务（9.7%）和家用设备（8.7%）紧随其后。相比之下，与化学（3.1%）、建筑（5.5%）和交通运输（6.6%）相关的行业在海外申请中所占份额最小。
In 2023, the research and technology sector attracted the largest filing volumes by applicants seeking trademark protection abroad, constituting 20.1% of global reported non-resident trademark filing. It was followed by the health (13.7%), clothing and accessories (12.4%) and leisure and education (10.1%) sectors. Trademarks relating to agriculture (10.1%), business services (9.7%) and household equipment (8.7%) accounted for the next largest shares of the total. In contrast, industries linked to chemicals (3.1%), construction (5.5%) and transportation (6.6%) received the smallest proportions of filing abroad.
据估算，全球155个知识产权局的有效商标注册量为8,820万件，比2022年相比增长6.4%。2023年，中国的有效商标注册量再次居首位，达到4,610万件。其后是印度和美国的主管局，有效注册量均接近320万件。
There were an estimated 88.2 million active trademark registrations across 155 IP offices globally, representing an increase of 6.4% compared to 2022. Once again, China had by far the highest number of trademark registrations in force in 2023, with a total of 46.1 million. It was followed by the offices of India and the US, with a count of nearly 3.2 million registrations in force each.
工业品外观设计
Industrial Designs
2023年，全球工业品外观设计申请量约为119万件，其中包含约152万项外观设计，比2022年增长了2.8%。
In 2023, an estimated 1.19 million industrial design applications were filed worldwide. These applications contained about 1.52 million designs, corresponding to a 2.8% increase on 2022.
2023年，中国申请人的外观设计申请量为882,807项，居世界首位。其次是美国（69,076项）、德国（64,986项）、意大利（60,486项）和大韩民国（60,120项）。这前五大国家在2023年共占全球活动量的近四分之三（74.6%）。主要受中国申请人申请量快速增长的推动，前五大来源地的合计份额在过去十年中增长了3.6个百分点。
With 882,807 designs in applications filed, applicants residing in China were the most active in the world in terms of design count in 2023. They were followed by applicants from the US (69,076), Germany (64,986), Italy (60,486) and the Republic of Korea (60,120). Together, these top five countries accounted for almost three-quarters (74.6%) of the global activity in 2023. Driven mainly by a rapid increase in filings by applicants from China, the combined share of the top five origins has grown by 3.6 percentage points over the last decade.
在前五大来源地中，意大利（+15.7%）在2023年的申请量增长最快，其次是中国（+5%）和美国（+2.6%）。相比之下，德国（-7.6%）和大韩民国（-3.4%）有所下降。意大利的两位数增长是由居民申请量的急剧增长所推动的，而美国的整体增长则由国外申请量的大幅增长推动。
Among the top five origins, Italy (+15.7%) had the fastest growth in filings in 2023, followed by China (+5%) and the US (+2.6%). In contrast, Germany (–7.6%) and the Republic of Korea (–3.4%) saw declines. The double-digit growth in Italy was driven by a sharp increase in resident filings, while considerable growth in abroad filings drove the overall growth in the US.
2023年，在排名前20位的来源地中，有13个国家的申请量有所增长，其中7个国家的申请量出现了两位数的增长。增幅最大的是印度尼西亚（+37.3%）、印度（+36.4%）和俄罗斯联邦（+31.6%）。
The filing activity of 13 of the top 20 origins increased in 2023, with seven experiencing double-digit growths. The sharpest increases came from applicants from Indonesia (+37.3%), India (+36.4%) and the Russian Federation (+31.6%).
亚洲占2023年全球申请外观设计总量的69%。其次是欧洲（23.5%）和北美（4.5%）。2023年，非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒以及大洋洲的合计份额为3%，低于十年前的3.4%。2013年到2023年，北美（+5.3%）和亚洲（+2%）的外观设计项数是所有地理区域中平均增幅最大的地区。
Asia accounted for 69% of all designs in applications filed worldwide in 2023. Asia was followed by Europe (23.5%) and North America (4.5%). The combined share for Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and Oceania was 3% in 2023, down from 3.4% a decade ago. Over the 2013–2023 period, Northern America (+5.3%) and Asia (+2%) saw the sharpest average increases in design counts among all geographical regions.
2023年，全球约有610万件有效工业品外观设计注册。比2022年增长了10.5%。中国的有效注册数量增长了14.2%，达320万件，占2023年全球总量的一半以上（53.2%）。紧随其后的是美国（424,718件）、大韩民国（414,117件）、欧洲联盟知识产权局（欧盟知识产权局）（329,358件）和联合王国（309,554件）。
In 2023, there were about 6.1 million active industrial design registrations worldwide. This represents an increase of 10.5% on 2022. Registrations in force in China grew by 14.2%, reaching 3.2 million and contributing to more than half (53.2%) of the global total in 2023. China was followed by the US (424,718), the Republic of Korea (414,117), the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) (329,358) and the UK (309,554).
2023年，在全球总量中所占比最大的部门是纺织品和配件（17.3%）、家具和家居用品（16.9%）、工具和机械（11%）、电力和照明（9.2%）以及信息通信技术和视听（8.8%）。这五个部门合计在全球登记的类别中占总数的63.2%。
In 2023, the sectors with the largest shares of the world total were textiles and accessories (17.3%), furniture and household goods (16.9%), tools and machines (11%), electricity and lighting (9.2%) and ICT and audiovisual (8.8%). Together, these five sectors accounted for 63.2% of all classes recorded globally.
植物品种
Plant varieties
2023年全球共提交了约29,070件植物品种申请，较2022年增长了6.6%，连续第八年实现增长。中国申请人在2023年最为活跃，共提交了15,552件植物品种申请，占全球总量的53.5%。排在中国申请人之后的是荷兰（2,924件）、美国（1,763件）、法国（993件）和联合王国（939件）。
Around 29,070 plant variety applications were filed worldwide in 2023, up +6.6% on 2022 and its eighth consecutive year of growth. Applicants from China were the most active in 2023, filing 15,552 plant variety applications, corresponding to 53.5% of the world total. China-based applicants were followed by applicants from the Kingdom of the Netherlands (2,924), the US (1,763), France (993) and the UK (939).
在排名前五位的来源地中，中国（+25.9%）是唯一一个在2023年实现两位数增长的国家。荷兰王国（+1.7%）继前一年急剧下降后恢复了温和增长。相比之下，法国（-14.9%）、联合王国（-43.3%）和美国（-16.8%）在2023年的申请量较2022年大幅减少。
Among the top five origins, China (+25.9%) is the only country to experience double-digit growth in 2023. The Kingdom of the Netherlands (+1.7%) returned to modest growth after a sharp decline in the previous year. In contrast, France (–14.9%), the UK (–43.3%) and the US (–16.8%) filed considerably fewer applications in 2023 compared to 2022.
地理标志
Geographical Indications
来自86个国家和地区主管局的数据显示，2023年据估算有58,600个受保护的地理标志。地理标志是用于具有特定地理来源且具有源于该产地的品质或声誉的产品的标志，例如用于奶酪的格吕耶尔（Gruyère）或用于烈酒的龙舌兰（Tequila）。
Data from the 86 national and regional authorities show there are an estimated 58,600 protected geographical indications (GIs) in existence in 2023. GIs are signs used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin, such as Gruyère for cheese or Tequila for spirits.
2023年，中国（9,785个）是本国领土内有效地理标志最多的国家，其次是德国（7,586个）、匈牙利（7,290个）和捷克共和国（6,657个）。欧盟国家取得如此高排名的原因是，通过欧盟区域体系生效的5,376个地理标志在每个成员国都是有效的。
In 2023, China (9,785) had the most GIs in force within its territory, followed by Germany (7,586), Hungary (7,290) and the Czech Republic (6,657). The high rankings achieved by EU countries is explained by the fact that the 5,376 GIs in force throughout the EU regional system are in force in every member state.
与“葡萄酒和烈酒”有关的有效地理标志（48.1%）几乎占2023年全球总量的一半，农产品和食品占44.8%，手工艺品占4.2%。
GIs in force relating to wines and spirits (48.1%) accounted for almost half of the 2023 global total, while agricultural products and foodstuffs accounted for 44.8% and handicrafts 4.2% of the total.
