【新朋友】点击标题下面蓝字【可可英语】加关注
【老朋友】点击手机右上角图标【转发分享】内容
【听音频，也可猛戳左下角“阅读原文”】
This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. com.
这里是bbclearningenglish. com英语六分钟节目。
Jen: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Jen and with me today is Neil.
大家好，欢迎收听英语六分钟节目，我是珍，今天和我一起主持节目的是尼尔。
Neil: Hello there.
大家好。
Jen: Today's story is all about allergies. If you have an allergy to something, your body reacts to it in a negative way. Do you have any allergies, Neil?
今天的故事与过敏有关。如果你对某物过敏，你的身体会对此物产生不良反应。你对什么过敏，尼尔？
Neil: I get hay fever in the summer; that happens when you have an allergy to pollen from plants or trees.
我夏天会感染花粉症，花粉症指的是人对植物或树木的花粉过敏。
Jen: And what happens when you get hay fever?
你感染花粉症后会有什么反应？
Neil: It's horrible. I start sneezing, and my eyes become red and itchy, my nose runs and I sometimes get a real headache.
太可怕了。我开始打喷嚏，双眼又红又痒，流鼻涕，有时还会头疼。
Jen: That doesn't sound very pleasant. Well, on today's programme we're going to be taking a look at how genetically modified food might be able to help people with allergies.
听起来你的状况不太乐观。在今天的节目中，我们将看看转基因食品如何帮助过敏体质的人。
Neil: That's quite a complicated topic!
这个话题有点难！
Jen: It is, but I'm going to ease you in gently with a quiz question first, to get you thinking!In what year was the first genetically modified food sold on the market. Was it? a) 1984 b) 1994 or c) 2004
的确，问个问题让你轻松一下，同时打开你的思路。转基因食品哪年首次在市场上亮相？1984年，1994年还是2004年？
Neil: Well, as usual, I have no idea, so this is a guess, but I'll say… 1984.
还是和过去一样，我不知道答案，干脆猜一个吧，我猜是1984年。
Jen: We'll find out if you're right at the end of the programme, but let's get back to our story about allergies.
在节目最后，我们再看你的回答是否正确，我们继续谈与过敏相关的故事。
Neil: Some allergies, like hay fever, can be described as mild. That means that you might experience some unpleasant symptoms like itchy eyes, sneezing or a rash.
花粉症等过敏症属于轻度过敏。也就是说你可能会产生一些不良症状，比如眼睛痒，打喷嚏或出疹子。
Jen: Others, though, can be more severe, and can cause problems with breathing, or even death.
但是，有人可能会出现更严重的症状：呼吸困难，甚至是死亡。
Neil: Many people are allergic to a particular type of food, such as nuts or eggs, for example.
很多人对某一类食物过敏，比如坚果、鸡蛋。
Jen: Very true, but did you know that cow's milk can also cause problems? Listen to the first part of this report from BBC correspondent James Gallagher. How does cow's milk affect some babies?
的确，但是你是否知道牛奶也能导致过敏？一起来听一下BBC记者詹姆斯·加拉格尔报告的第一部分。牛奶对婴儿有什么影响？
Allergic reactions to cow's milk are common in babies. Up to three percent treat it as dangerous with their immune systems launching an attack on proteins found in cow's milk, but never in their mother's breast milk.
很多婴儿对牛奶过敏。高达百分之三的婴儿的免疫系统将牛奶视作一种危险成分，并对牛奶中的蛋白质发起攻击，但是这种情况从来不会出现在母乳中。
Jen: Your body is protected by your immune system. That's a series of cells and tissues which stop you from catching diseases or infections.
免疫系统保护着你的身体。这是一系列能够阻止你得病或感染的细胞和组织。
Neil: These cells attack anything which they think is harming, or damaging the body.
这些细胞对其认为任何有害的或损害人体的东西进行攻击。
Jen: It's quite common for babies to have allergic reactions to cow's milk, so their bodies are attacking it.
婴儿对牛奶有过敏反应的情况很常见，所以他们的身体会对牛奶进行攻击。
Neil: However, as we heard in the report, the babies' bodies never attack breast milk.
然而，我们从报告中也听到：婴儿的身体从来不会攻击母乳。
Jen: So, there must be something in the cow's milk that babies' bodies don't like. Listen to the second part of the report: what have scientists done to cow's milk?
所以，一定是婴儿身体不喜欢牛奶中的某些物质。一起来听报告的第二部分：科学家们对牛奶做了什么？
Now researchers in New Zealand have cut out one of the main culprits - the protein beta-lactoglobulin. They added new genetic material to disrupt its manufacturing process in a technique called RNA interference.
新西兰的研究人员切除了导致过敏的元凶——蛋白质β——乳球蛋白。他们通过RNA干扰技术添加了新的遗传物质来破坏过敏元凶的生产过程。
Jen: Scientists identified a protein in cow's milk which causes allergic reactions.
科学家们找到了牛奶中引起过敏反应的蛋白质。
Neil: In the report, this was called the culprit. The word culprit is often used to describe the bad guy in a book or film – here, it's used to describe the dangerous protein.
报告称这种蛋白质是罪魁祸首。一般意义上的罪魁祸首是指书中或电影中的坏人，这里它用来形容危险的蛋白质。
Jen: The scientists have introduced a new genetic material to the cows to stop this protein being made.
科学家们给奶牛引入了一种新型遗传物质来阻断这种蛋白质的生成。
Neil: If you like, the cows have been genetically modified.
可以这样说，这些都是转基因奶牛。
Jen: Their genes have been altered, or changed, so they don't produce the harmful protein in their milk.
它们的基因已经发生改变，所以它们生产的牛奶不含有有害蛋白质。
Neil: It sounds pretty complicated, but if there is no harmful protein in the milk, then babies shouldn't have an allergic reaction. Now that's good, isn't it?
听起来很复杂，但是如果牛奶中不含有任何有害蛋白质，婴儿们就不会有过敏反应了。现在就好了，不是吗？
Jen: Well, not everyone thinks it's a good thing. Here's James Gallagher again:
不是每个人都认为这是一件好事。继续来听记者詹姆斯·加拉格尔的报告。
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed the GM cow did not produce the protein in its milk. Other scientists said it was a spectacular study, while campaign groups have questioned the ethics of genetically modifying farm animals.
美国国家科学院发表的一项研究表明，转基因奶牛生产的牛奶不含有有害蛋白质。其他科学家认为，这一研究十分惊人。而一些运动团体曾质疑对农场动物进行转基因处理的道德伦理问题。
Neil: So, some people think this scientific study is spectacular – in other words, they think it's amazing.
因此，一些人认为这一研究十分惊人。
Jen: Very true, but we also heard in the report that some campaign groups think that it's unethical to genetically modify animals.
的确，我们还从报告中听到，一些运动团体认为对动物进行转基因是不道德的。
Neil: They think it's morally wrong to interfere with, or change, nature.
他们认为干涉、改变自然是不道德行为。
Jen: Some people also worry about what effects genetic modification of animals could have on our health.
一些人担心改变动物基因的物质可能会影响我们的健康。
Neil: That's true, I suppose there could be side effects that people don't yet know about.
真的，我想可能会存在一些不为人知的副作用。
Jen: On the other hand, some people argue that genetic modification could be used to produce super crops, and maybe, one day, help to stop world hunger.
另一方面，一些人认为，转基因技术可以被用来生产超级作物，也许有一天，能帮助解决全球饥饿问题。
Neil: Who knows what type of foods will be available in the future?
谁知道未来可以食用什么样的食物呢？
Jen: We'll have to wait to find out, but I can tell you about the first genetically modified food which became available, but first, I asked you when it came onto the market for the very first time. Was it: a) 1984b) 1994c) 2004
我们拭目以待，但是我可以告诉你第一个可食用的转基因食品是什么，但在这之前，我想问你它是哪年首次在市场上亮相的？1984年，1994年还是2004年？
Neil: And I said 1984.
我猜是1984年。
Jen: Well, you were wrong! It was actually 1994. And it was a tomato. It was genetically modified so that it would stay green for longer after it was harvested.
你答错了！其实是1994。是番茄。转基因番茄成熟后可以长时间保持新鲜。
Neil: So it had a longer shelf life.
所以它的保质期比较长。
Jen: Exactly! We're coming to the end of the programme now, so there's just time to go over some of the vocabulary we've heard today.
的确！我们的节目接近尾声了，一起来复习一下今天听到的词和短语。
Neil: The words and phrases were: allergy, mild, immune system, culprits, genetically, modified, spectacular, unethical
This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. com.
这里是bbclearningenglish. com英语六分钟节目。
Jen: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Jen and with me today is Neil.
大家好，欢迎收听英语六分钟节目，我是珍，今天和我一起主持节目的是尼尔。
Neil: Hello there.
大家好。
Jen: Today's story is all about allergies. If you have an allergy to something, your body reacts to it in a negative way. Do you have any allergies, Neil?
今天的故事与过敏有关。如果你对某物过敏，你的身体会对此物产生不良反应。你对什么过敏，尼尔？
Neil: I get hay fever in the summer; that happens when you have an allergy to pollen from plants or trees.
我夏天会感染花粉症，花粉症指的是人对植物或树木的花粉过敏。
Jen: And what happens when you get hay fever?
你感染花粉症后会有什么反应？
Neil: It's horrible. I start sneezing, and my eyes become red and itchy, my nose runs and I sometimes get a real headache.
太可怕了。我开始打喷嚏，双眼又红又痒，流鼻涕，有时还会头疼。
Jen: That doesn't sound very pleasant. Well, on today's programme we're going to be taking a look at how genetically modified food might be able to help people with allergies.
听起来你的状况不太乐观。在今天的节目中，我们将看看转基因食品如何帮助过敏体质的人。
Neil: That's quite a complicated topic!
这个话题有点难！
Jen: It is, but I'm going to ease you in gently with a quiz question first, to get you thinking!In what year was the first genetically modified food sold on the market. Was it? a) 1984 b) 1994 or c) 2004
的确，问个问题让你轻松一下，同时打开你的思路。转基因食品哪年首次在市场上亮相？1984年，1994年还是2004年？
Neil: Well, as usual, I have no idea, so this is a guess, but I'll say… 1984.
还是和过去一样，我不知道答案，干脆猜一个吧，我猜是1984年。
Jen: We'll find out if you're right at the end of the programme, but let's get back to our story about allergies.
在节目最后，我们再看你的回答是否正确，我们继续谈与过敏相关的故事。
Neil: Some allergies, like hay fever, can be described as mild. That means that you might experience some unpleasant symptoms like itchy eyes, sneezing or a rash.
花粉症等过敏症属于轻度过敏。也就是说你可能会产生一些不良症状，比如眼睛痒，打喷嚏或出疹子。
Jen: Others, though, can be more severe, and can cause problems with breathing, or even death.
但是，有人可能会出现更严重的症状：呼吸困难，甚至是死亡。
Neil: Many people are allergic to a particular type of food, such as nuts or eggs, for example.
很多人对某一类食物过敏，比如坚果、鸡蛋。
Jen: Very true, but did you know that cow's milk can also cause problems? Listen to the first part of this report from BBC correspondent James Gallagher. How does cow's milk affect some babies?
的确，但是你是否知道牛奶也能导致过敏？一起来听一下BBC记者詹姆斯·加拉格尔报告的第一部分。牛奶对婴儿有什么影响？
Allergic reactions to cow's milk are common in babies. Up to three percent treat it as dangerous with their immune systems launching an attack on proteins found in cow's milk, but never in their mother's breast milk.
很多婴儿对牛奶过敏。高达百分之三的婴儿的免疫系统将牛奶视作一种危险成分，并对牛奶中的蛋白质发起攻击，但是这种情况从来不会出现在母乳中。
Jen: Your body is protected by your immune system. That's a series of cells and tissues which stop you from catching diseases or infections.
免疫系统保护着你的身体。这是一系列能够阻止你得病或感染的细胞和组织。
Neil: These cells attack anything which they think is harming, or damaging the body.
这些细胞对其认为任何有害的或损害人体的东西进行攻击。
Jen: It's quite common for babies to have allergic reactions to cow's milk, so their bodies are attacking it.
婴儿对牛奶有过敏反应的情况很常见，所以他们的身体会对牛奶进行攻击。
Neil: However, as we heard in the report, the babies' bodies never attack breast milk.
然而，我们从报告中也听到：婴儿的身体从来不会攻击母乳。
Jen: So, there must be something in the cow's milk that babies' bodies don't like. Listen to the second part of the report: what have scientists done to cow's milk?
所以，一定是婴儿身体不喜欢牛奶中的某些物质。一起来听报告的第二部分：科学家们对牛奶做了什么？
Now researchers in New Zealand have cut out one of the main culprits - the protein beta-lactoglobulin. They added new genetic material to disrupt its manufacturing process in a technique called RNA interference.
新西兰的研究人员切除了导致过敏的元凶——蛋白质β——乳球蛋白。他们通过RNA干扰技术添加了新的遗传物质来破坏过敏元凶的生产过程。
Jen: Scientists identified a protein in cow's milk which causes allergic reactions.
科学家们找到了牛奶中引起过敏反应的蛋白质。
Neil: In the report, this was called the culprit. The word culprit is often used to describe the bad guy in a book or film – here, it's used to describe the dangerous protein.
报告称这种蛋白质是罪魁祸首。一般意义上的罪魁祸首是指书中或电影中的坏人，这里它用来形容危险的蛋白质。
Jen: The scientists have introduced a new genetic material to the cows to stop this protein being made.
科学家们给奶牛引入了一种新型遗传物质来阻断这种蛋白质的生成。
Neil: If you like, the cows have been genetically modified.
可以这样说，这些都是转基因奶牛。
Jen: Their genes have been altered, or changed, so they don't produce the harmful protein in their milk.
它们的基因已经发生改变，所以它们生产的牛奶不含有有害蛋白质。
Neil: It sounds pretty complicated, but if there is no harmful protein in the milk, then babies shouldn't have an allergic reaction. Now that's good, isn't it?
听起来很复杂，但是如果牛奶中不含有任何有害蛋白质，婴儿们就不会有过敏反应了。现在就好了，不是吗？
Jen: Well, not everyone thinks it's a good thing. Here's James Gallagher again:
不是每个人都认为这是一件好事。继续来听记者詹姆斯·加拉格尔的报告。
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed the GM cow did not produce the protein in its milk. Other scientists said it was a spectacular study, while campaign groups have questioned the ethics of genetically modifying farm animals.
美国国家科学院发表的一项研究表明，转基因奶牛生产的牛奶不含有有害蛋白质。其他科学家认为，这一研究十分惊人。而一些运动团体曾质疑对农场动物进行转基因处理的道德伦理问题。
Neil: So, some people think this scientific study is spectacular – in other words, they think it's amazing.
因此，一些人认为这一研究十分惊人。
Jen: Very true, but we also heard in the report that some campaign groups think that it's unethical to genetically modify animals.
的确，我们还从报告中听到，一些运动团体认为对动物进行转基因是不道德的。
Neil: They think it's morally wrong to interfere with, or change, nature.
他们认为干涉、改变自然是不道德行为。
Jen: Some people also worry about what effects genetic modification of animals could have on our health.
一些人担心改变动物基因的物质可能会影响我们的健康。
Neil: That's true, I suppose there could be side effects that people don't yet know about.
真的，我想可能会存在一些不为人知的副作用。
Jen: On the other hand, some people argue that genetic modification could be used to produce super crops, and maybe, one day, help to stop world hunger.
另一方面，一些人认为，转基因技术可以被用来生产超级作物，也许有一天，能帮助解决全球饥饿问题。
Neil: Who knows what type of foods will be available in the future?
谁知道未来可以食用什么样的食物呢？
Jen: We'll have to wait to find out, but I can tell you about the first genetically modified food which became available, but first, I asked you when it came onto the market for the very first time. Was it: a) 1984b) 1994c) 2004
我们拭目以待，但是我可以告诉你第一个可食用的转基因食品是什么，但在这之前，我想问你它是哪年首次在市场上亮相的？1984年，1994年还是2004年？
Neil: And I said 1984.
我猜是1984年。
Jen: Well, you were wrong! It was actually 1994. And it was a tomato. It was genetically modified so that it would stay green for longer after it was harvested.
你答错了！其实是1994。是番茄。转基因番茄成熟后可以长时间保持新鲜。
Neil: So it had a longer shelf life.
所以它的保质期比较长。
Jen: Exactly! We're coming to the end of the programme now, so there's just time to go over some of the vocabulary we've heard today.
的确！我们的节目接近尾声了，一起来复习一下今天听到的词和短语。
Neil: The words and phrases were: allergy, mild, immune system, culprits, genetically, modified, spectacular, unethical
这些词和短语是：过敏症，温和的，免疫系统，罪魁祸首，转基因，惊人的，不道德的
Jen: Bye for now!
再见
Neil: Goodbye!
再见
That was 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. com.
以上是bbclearningenglish. com英语六分钟节目。过敏症，温和的，免疫系统，罪魁祸首，转基因，惊人的，不道德的
Jen: Bye for now!
再见
Neil: Goodbye!
再见
That was 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. com.
以上是bbclearningenglish. com英语六分钟节目。
