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外刊阅读20240517|为什么患癌的年轻人越来越多了?

考研英语外刊阅读  · 公众号  ·  · 2024-05-17 07:59

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上期划线句答案

The philosophical founders of liberalism and conservatism were influenced by their unique backgrounds shaped by differences of privilege, power, and relationship to authority and freedom.

自由主义和保守主义的哲学奠基人受其因特权、权力以及与权威和自由的关系的差异所形成的独特背景的影响。

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本期内容


双语阅读


Para.1


A report published by the American Cancer Society in January suggests that rates of colorectal cancer are rising rapidly among people in their 20s, 30s and 40s — even as incidence is declining in people over the age of 65. A vast majority of colorectal cancer diagnoses are still made in people 50 and older. The American Cancer Society predicted last year that roughly 153,000 new diagnoses would be made in the U.S. in 2023, of which 19,550 would be in people younger than 50. But millennials born around 1990 now have twice the risk of colon cancer compared with people born around the 1950s, while millennials’ risk for rectal cancer is about four times higher than that of older age groups, according to a study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. That means diagnoses are likely to “continue going up as these higher-risk generations age,” Dr. Murphy said.



美国癌症学会今年1月发布的一份报告显示,在20、30、40多岁的人群中,结直肠癌发病率正在迅速上升,而65岁以上人群的发病率却在下降。绝大多数结直肠癌的诊断仍然发生在50岁及以上的人群中。美国癌症学会去年预测,2023年美国将有大约15.3万例新确诊病例,其中19550例患者年龄在50岁以下。但根据发表在《国家癌症研究所杂志》上的一项研究,1990年左右出生的千禧一代患结肠癌的风险是20世纪50年代左右出生者的两倍,而千禧一代患直肠癌的风险是年龄较大的人群的四倍。墨菲说,这意味着“随着高危人群年龄的增长”,确诊病例可能还会继续增加。

点击此处查看翻译


1.colorectal

英/ ˌkəʊləʊˈrekt(ə)l /美/ ˌkoʊləˈrektl /

adj.结肠直肠的

2. incidence

英/ ˈɪnsɪdəns /美/ ˈɪnsɪdəns /

n.发生率;入射

3. millennial

英/ mɪˈleniəl /美/ mɪˈleniəl /

adj.一千年的,千禧年的

n.千禧一代(millennials)

4.rectal

英/ ˈrektəl /美/ ˈrektəl /

adj.直肠的

点击此处查看词汇词组


Para.2


When cancer is found at a younger-than-usual age, doctors usually suspect that genetic mutations may be to blame. And some molecular studies suggest that tumors in early-onset colorectal cancers do have different mutations driving the cancer compared with tumors in older adults. Another piece of evidence that there is a genetic component: It is clear that having a first-degree relative who had colorectal cancer — or even a precancerous polyp — can increase your risk, Dr. Cecchini said. But genetic changes do not explain the full picture, he said.



当发现癌症的年龄小于正常年龄时,医生通常会怀疑基因突变可能是罪魁祸首。而一些分子研究表明,与老年人的肿瘤相比,早发性结直肠癌的肿瘤确实有不同的突变驱动因素。 翻译划线句,在文末留言打卡,答案下期公布~ 但他说,基因变化并不能解释全部情况。

点击此处查看翻译


1.mutation

英/ mjuːˈteɪʃn /美/ mjuːˈteɪʃ(ə)n /

n.(动物或植物的)突变,变异;(基因结构突变产生的)突变体,突变型;(形式的)转变,改变;语流音变,变音

2. molecular

英/ məˈlekjələ(r) /美/ məˈlekjələr /

adj.分子的,与分子有关的

3. tumor

英/ ˈtjuːmə(r) /美/ ˈtuːmər /

n.肿瘤;肿块;赘生物

4.precancerous

英/ ˌpriːˈkænsərəs /美/ ˌpriːˈkænsərəs /

adj.癌症前期的;尚未成癌的

5. polyp

英/ ˈpɒlɪp /美/ ˈpɑːlɪp /

n.息肉;珊瑚虫;水螅虫

点击此处查看词汇词组


Para.3


Some research has linked lifestyle and dietary changes to increased rates of colorectal cancer in both young people and older adults. Recent generations have consumed more red meat, ultraprocessed foods and sugary beverages , and have been known to binge drink more frequently; between 1992 and 1998, cigarette smoking also increased before declining again, while physical activity has continuously declined for decades. All of these factors — along with the rise in obesity rates since the 1980s — are associated with cancer risk. But once again, none of them fully account for the increase in early-onset colorectal cancer.



一些研究将生活方式、饮食变化与年轻人和年龄更大的人当中患结直肠癌的增加联系起来。近几代人消费了更多红肉、精加工食品和含糖饮料,并且更频繁地饮酒;在1992年至1998年间,吸烟也增加了,然后再次下降,而体育锻炼在过去几十年里持续减少。所有这些因素——以及自上世纪80年代以来肥胖率的上升——都与癌症风险有关。然而,再一次强调,这些因素并不能完全解释早发性结直肠癌的增加。

点击此处查看翻译


1.dietary

英/ ˈdaɪətəri /美/ ˈdaɪəteri /

adj.饮食的

n.规定(或限制)的饮食

2. beverage

英/ ˈbevərɪdʒ /美/ ˈbevərɪdʒ /

n.饮料

3. binge

英/ bɪndʒ /美/ bɪndʒ /

n.狂欢作乐,大吃大喝

v.放纵,大吃大喝

4.along with

除了某物或某人之外,还有其他的东西或其他人;与某物或某人一起

5. early-onset

早发型

点击此处查看词汇词组


Para.4


Experts are beginning to investigate if there are other environmental drivers of early-onset cancer. For instance, some small studies have hinted at the idea that people who develop colorectal cancer at an early age have an imbalance of “good” and “bad” bacteria in their gut. Researchers are not only looking at antibiotic use, which can alter the gut microbiome , but also nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used as painkillers, proton pump inhibitors that are used to counter stomach acid issues and several psychiatric medications that may be absorbed through the intestinal lining and have increased in use in recent decades, Dr. Cercek said.



专家们开始调查早发性癌症是否还存在其他环境驱动因素。例如,一些小型研究揭示出早年患结直肠癌的人肠道中的“好”细菌和“坏”细菌不均衡。塞切克说,研究人员不仅关注可能改变肠道微生物群的抗生素使用情况,而且还关注了用作止痛药的非甾体抗炎药、用于解决胃酸问题的质子泵抑制剂,以及一些可能通过肠道内壁吸收的精神科药物,这些药物的使用在近几十年来有所增加。

点击此处查看翻译


1.investigate

英/ ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt /美/ ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt /

v.侦察(某事);调查(某人);研究

2. hint

英/ hɪnt /美/ hɪnt /

n.暗示,提示;征兆,迹象;少许,少量;秘诀,窍门

v.暗示,示意

3. antibiotic

英/ ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk /美/ ˌæntibaɪˈɑːtɪk /

n.抗生素,抗菌素

adj.(与)抗生素(有关)的,(与)抗菌素(有关)的

4.microbiome

英/ ˌmaɪkrəʊˈbaɪəʊm /美/ ˌmaɪkroʊˈbaɪoʊm /

n.微生物组,微生物群系

5. nonsteroidal

英/ ˌnɒnstəˈrɒɪdəl /

非甾类化合物的,非类固醇的

6. anti-inflammatory

英/ ˌænti ɪnˈflæmətri /美/ ˌænti ɪnˈflæmətɔːri /

adj.抗炎的

n.抗炎药

7.proton

英/ ˈprəʊtɒn /美/ ˈproʊtɑːn /

n.[物]质子

8.psychiatric

英/ ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk /美/ ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk /

adj.精神病学的,精神病治疗的;精神疾病的

9.intestinal

英/ ˌɪnˈtestɪnəl /美/ ˌɪnˈtestɪnəl /







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