[1]“数字戏剧可被定义为‘现场’观演双方与数字媒介共存的综合体,其表现方式应包含口头语言或叙事元素及受一定限制的互动性。”参见Nadja Masura,Digital Theatre:The Making and Meaning of Live Mediated Performance,US & UK 1990-2020(Cham:Springer Nature,2020),8。“数字戏剧是一种传统戏剧与现代数字技术融合之后产生的新型艺术,它以戏剧与影视相结合的形态示人。”参见宋震:《数字戏剧:艺术与科技的邂逅》,《光明日报》,2023年7月26日。
[2]“可以粗略地将未来戏剧分为经典剧场模式,即以真人实地表演为主,辅之以数字传播手段;VR游戏模式,以虚拟实体和场景为主,演员和观众通过数字化身进入虚拟世界共同参与;介于前两者之间的混合媒介模式,即融合现实与虚拟空间,多媒介整合。”参见章文颖:《“融”时空环境中的多元主体艺术》,《文汇报》,2024年4月17日。
[3]John Fiske,Introduction to Communication Studies(London:Routledge,1990),18.
[4]Peggy Phelan,Unmarked:The Politics of Performance(London:Routledge,1993),146.
[5]Erika Fischer-Lichte,Theatre,Sacrifice,Ritual:Exploring Forms of Political Theatre(Abingdon:Routledge,2005),23.
[6]Erika Fischer-Lichte,“Performance as Event—Reception as Transformation,” in Theorising Performance:Greek Drama,Cultural History and Critical Practice, eds. Edith Hall and Stephe Harrop (London:Bloomsbury Academic,2013),31.
[7]Erika Fischer-Lichte,The Transformative Power of Performance:A New Aesthetics (Abingdon:Routledge,2008),38,68.
[8]Patrice Pavis,Theatre at the Crossroads of Culture(London:Routledge, 1992),133-134.
[9]Ibid.,101.
[10]Nadja Masura,Digital Theatre:The Making and Meaning of Live Mediated Performance,US & UK 1990-2020(Cham:Springer Nature,2020),7.
[11]奥斯兰德对费兰观点的首度回应集中于1999年出版的《现场性: 媒介文化中的表演》,本文对相关观点的引用选自该著作的2008年修订版。
[12]Philip Auslander,Liveness:Performance in a Mediatized Culture(Abingdon: Routledge,2008),56.
[13]Ibid.,12-24.
[14]Ibid.,37-40.
[15]Ibid.,184.
[16]Nick Couldry,“Liveness,‘Reality,’and the Mediated Habitus from Television to the Mobile Phone,”The Communication Review,no.4(2004):356.
[17]Walter Benjamin,“The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” in Illuminations,ed. Hannah Arendt,trans. Harry Zohn (New York:Shocken Books,1986),223.
[18]Philip Auslander,Liveness:Performance in a Mediatized Culture(Abingdon:Routledge,2008),55.
[19]Steve Dixon,Digital Performance:A History of New Media in Theater, Dance,Performance Art, and Installation(Cambridge: MIT press,2007),127-129.
[20]Andy Lavender,“The Moment of Realised Actuality,” in Theatre in Crisis? Performance Manifestos for a New Century,eds. Maria Delgado and Caridad Svich (Manchester:Manchester University Press,2002),190.
[21]Philip Auslander,Liveness:Performance in a Mediatized Culture(Abingdon: Routledge,2008),42.
[22]Jacques Derrida,Positions,trans. Alan Bass (Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1982),41.
[23]Matthew Causey,“The Screen Test of the Double:The Uncanny Performer in the Space of Technology,”Theatre Journal,no.4(1999):384.
[24]Ibid.,394.
[25]Chiel Kattenbelt,“Intermediality in Theatre and Performance:Definitions, Perceptions and Medial Relationships,” Culture,Language and Representation,no.6(2008):23.
[26]Lars Elleström,“The Modalities of Media II,” in Beyond Media Borders(volume 1)(Cham:Springer Nature, 2021),78.
[27]Claudia Georgi,Liveness on Stage:Intermedial Challenges in Contemporary British Theatre and Performance(Berlin:Walter de Gruyter GmbH,2014),46.
[28]Irina Rajewsky, “Intermediality,Intertextuality,and Remediation:A Literary Perspective on Intermediality,” Intermédialités,no.6(2005):44.
[29]Klaus Bruhn Jensen,“Intermediality,”August 8,2024, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect170.
[30]Ibid.
[31]Chiel Kattenbelt,“Intermediality in Theatre and Performance:Definitions, Perceptions and Medial Relationships,” Culture,Language and Representation,no.6(2008):25.
[32]Freda Chapple and Chiel Kattenbelt,Intermediality in Theatre and Performance(Amsterdam:Rodopi,2006),20.
[33]Ibid.,12.
[34]Lars Elleström,“The Modalities of Media II,” in Beyond Media Borders(volume 1)(Cham:Palgrave Macmillan,2021),5.
[35]Ibid.,85.
[36]Werner Wolf,Metareference Across Media:Theory and Case Studies(Amsterdam:Rodopi B.V.,2009),13.
[37]Maurice Merleau-Ponty,Phenomenology of Perception,trans.Donald Landes (Abingdon:Routledge,2012),84,147.
[38]Jerzy Grotowski,Towards a Poor Theatre(New York:Routledge,2012),32.
[39]Peggy Phelan,Unmarked:The Politics of Performance(London:Routledge, 1993),148.
[40]Erika Fischer-Lichte,Theatre,Sacrifice,Ritual:Exploring Forms of Political Theatre(New York:Routledge,2005), 25.
[41]Russell Fewster,“Instance:The Lost Babylon,”in Mapping Intermediality in Performance,eds. Sarah Bay-Cheng, et al. (Amsterdam:Amsterdam University Press,2010),63.
[42]Russell Fewster,“Instance:The Lost Babylon,” in Mapping Intermediality in Performance,eds. Sarah Bay-Cheng,et al.(Amsterdam:Amsterdam University Press,2010),63.
[43]Steve Dixon,Digital Performance:A History of New Media in Theater, Dance,Performance Art,and Installation(Cambridge:MIT press, 2007), 239.
[44]Ibid.,212.
[45]Ibid.,215.
[46]Maurice Merleau-Ponty,Phenomenology of Perception,trans. Donald Landes (Abingdon:Routledge,2012),154.
[47]Don Ihde,Technology and the Lifeworld: From Garden to Earth(Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1990),85.
[48]Sarah Bay-Cheng,et al.Mapping Intermediality in Performance(Amsterdam:Amsterdam University Press,2010),46.
[49]Russell Fewster,“Instance:The Lost Babylon,” in Mapping Intermediality in Performance,eds.Sarah Bay-Cheng,et al.(Amsterdam:Amsterdam University Press,2010),64.
[50]Nadja Masura,Digital Theatre:The Making and Meaning of Live Mediated Performance,US & UK 1990-2020(Cham:Springer Nature,2020), 277.
[51]Nadja Masura,Digital Theatre:The Making and Meaning of Live Mediated Performance,US & UK 1990-2020(Cham:Springer Nature,2020),204-206.
[52]Russell Fewster,“Instance:The Lost Babylon,” in Mapping Intermediality in Performance,eds.Sarah Bay-Cheng,et al.(Amsterdam:Amsterdam University Press,2010),64.
[53]Liesbeth Groot Nibbelink and Sigrid Merx,“Presence and Perception:Analysing Intermediality in Performance,”in Mapping Intermediality in Performance,eds. Sarah Bay-Cheng,et al.(Amsterdam:Amsterdam University Press,2010),219-220.
[54]Matthew Causey,“The Screen Test of the Double:The Uncanny Performer in the Space of Technology,”Theatre Journal,no.4(1999):383.
[55]Pierre Lévy,Becoming Virtual, Reality in the Digital Age,trans.Robert Bononno (New York: Plenum Trade, 1998), 176,179.
[56]Ibid., 44.
[57]Mindy Fenske,“The Aesthetic of the Unfinished:Ethics and Performance,”Text and Performance Quarterly, no.1(2004): 9,15, 17.