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This
is a download from BBC Learning English. To find out more, visit our
website. 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. com.
本文来自BBC Learning English。如需获得更多内容请访问我们的网站。BBC Learning English. com英语六分钟节目。
Dan:
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English–the show that brings you an
interesting topic, authentic listening practice and vocabulary to help
you improve your language skills. I'm Dan…
大家好，欢迎收听英语六分钟。该节目向你呈现有趣的话题，纯正的听力练习和单词来帮助你提高语言技能。我是丹。
Neil:
And I'm Neil. In this programme we'll be discussing armed police, as
well as teaching you six new items of vocabulary, of course.
我是尼尔。在本期节目中，我们要讨论的是武装警察，还会教给你六个新单词。
Dan: Can we get this done quickly today Neil? Only I've got to shoot off to a party later.
尼尔，今天咱们能快点录完节目吗？我稍后还要赶紧去参加聚会呢。
Neil:
Shoot off meaning leave quickly. Of course we can. And it's funny that
you should mention shooting because our topic this week is gun control
without guns.
Shoot off是指快速离开。我们当然可以快点结束了。太有趣了，你竟然提到了“shooting”，我们本周的话题就是枪支管制。
Dan: Is that so? I have a question about that for you.
真的吗？那我有个与此相关的问题要问你。
Neil: Fire away then.
问吧。
Dan:
Fire away, an expression giving permission for someone to ask a
question or speak. So, which country has the oldest gun control laws in
the world? Is it a) USA, b) Iceland or c) Japan?
Fire away是指允许某人说话或者问问题。世界上，哪个国家最先制定了枪支管制法？a)美国b)冰岛还是c)日本？
Neil: I'm going to guess b) Iceland, just because I've never been there.
我猜是b)冰岛，只是因为我从来没去过那里。
Dan:
Well, we'll find out if you're right a bit later on. Now, imagine the
scene. You are a police officer who has been called out to deal with an
incident. When you arrive on scene you find a dangerous criminal. Do you
reach for a gun, or a blanket?
好的，稍后我们再看你是否答对了。现在，想象一下：你是一名警官，你被叫去处理一个事件。当你到达案发现场时，你发现有一名危险的罪犯。你会伸手去拿抢还是毯子呢？
Neil: It's got to be a gun.
我肯定会去拿枪。
Dan:
Well, in most countries in the world you'd be right, but not in Japan.
Despite carrying guns, Japanese police almost never use them. Instead
they rely on a combination of martial arts and in many cases where a
person is violent, they bring out the futon–which is a kind of blanket
and they wrap them up and restrain them, or prevent them from moving.
在世界上的大多数国家里，你这样做是对的。但在日本你就不能这样做了。日本警察即便带了抢，他们也几乎不用。大多数情况下，歹徒会很凶猛，他们就拿出蒲团——一种毯子，用蒲团把歹徒裹起来，从而控制住歹徒，不让他们移动。
Neil: You're pulling my leg.
开什么玩笑。
Dan: Nope! Listen to Japanese journalist Anthony Berteaux describe the situation:
没开玩笑！我们来听听日本记者安东尼·贝尔托对这种情况的描述：
What
most Japanese police will do is to get huge futons and essentially roll
up the person who is being violent or drunk into a little burrito and
carry them back to the station, and calm them down. The response to
violence is never violence, it's always to de-escalate it.
大部分日本警察都会带着巨大的蒲团，把那些凶猛的、喝醉的歹徒卷成一个卷，然后把他们带到警局，让他们冷静下来。他们从不以暴制暴，而是缓解当时的形势。
Neil: So, they safely restrain the person and wait for the situation to de-escalate, or become less intense.
所以，他们安全地控制住歹徒，然后等待形势降级或者缓和下来。
Dan: Unless a criminal has a gun, Japanese police never fire their weapons.
除非罪犯用抢，否则日本警察从不开枪。
Neil: Surely that means that the criminals always have the advantage then?
那就是说，罪犯肯定处于优势？
Dan: You'd think so, but no. It seems that guns don't really feature in crimes much in Japan.
你是这么想的，但实际上不是这样的。日本的犯罪案件中经常不会出现枪支。
Neil:
Well, that's astonishing. So do you think the criminals don't carry
guns because the police don't carry guns or that the police don't carry
guns because the criminals don't carry guns?
太令人震惊了。那么，你认为罪犯之所以不带枪是因为警察不带呢还是说警察不带枪是因为罪犯不带呢？
Dan:
Wow, that makes my head hurt! Well I don't know, but listen to what
Iain Overton, the Executive Director of Action on Armed Violence says
about armed police in society.
这个问题太烧脑了！我不知道，我们还是来听听“对武装暴力采取行动”的负责人伊恩·奥佛顿对社会武装警察的看法。
The
American model has been militarise the police, but the challenge I have
is that there is very little evidence that a more militarised police
results in a more peaceful society. And I'm very concerned that if you
have too many police pulling out guns at the first incidence of crime
then you lead to a miniature arms race between police and criminals.
虽然美国警察已军事化，但让我有所怀疑的是，几乎没有证据表明高度军事化的警察能让这个社会更和平。我非常担心的是，如果警察们刚一到犯罪现场就拿出枪，那么警察和罪犯之间就会展开小型的军备竞赛。
Neil: So, America tends to militarise its police meaning to equip them and use them as an army…
所以，美国打算把警察军事化，也就是说把警察像军队一样武装起来……
Dan:
and that causes an arms race with the criminals, which is a competition
between two groups to have more weapons than the other group.
这就导致警察和罪犯开始了军备竞赛。军备竞赛是指双方在军事装备数量上展开的竞赛。
Neil:
He also said that there's not a strong connection between armed police
and a peaceful society. So, does that mean that Japanese society is more
peaceful?
他还说，武装警察与和平社会之间并没有多大关系。那这是不是意味着日本更和平？
Dan:
Well, violent crime still happens there, but criminals tend to carry
other weapons, such as swords and knives, but at least it's a step in
the right direction. Now, can you remember the quiz question I asked?
日本其实也有暴力犯罪，只是这些罪犯携带的是其他武器，例如：剑和刀，但这至少是在朝着正确的方向发展。你还记得我之前问你的问题吗？
Neil:
I think so. You asked me which country has the oldest gun control laws
in the world? Is it a) USA, b) Iceland or c) Japan? And I said b)
Iceland.
记得。你问我世界上，哪个国家最先制定了枪支管制法？a)美国b)冰岛还是c)日本？我选的是b)冰岛。
Dan:
Well, I'm sorry Neil, that's not right. But, don't shoot the messenger,
OK? It's Japan, which implemented its gun control laws in 1685.
很抱歉尼尔，你答错了。不过，你可别对我这个送答案的人发火啊。正确答案是日本，日本于1685年实施枪支管理法。
Neil: How interesting. Now, let's take a look at the vocabulary from this programme.
太有意思了。现在，我们来看看本期节目中学到的词汇。
Dan:
Sure, we had shoot off. If you shoot off, it means you leave somewhere
in a hurry. What type of verb is it Neil? Can you give us an example?
好的。我们学了“shoot off”，shoot off是指快速地离开某地。这是什么类型的动词，尼尔？你能给我们举个例子吗？
Neil:
It's a phrasal verb so it's used conversationally and usually in an
informal context. As for an example, when he heard his wife was sick, he
shot off to the hospital. Synonyms could be dash off or run off. Next
we had fire away. Now, fire away is an expression giving permission for
someone to ask a question or speak. Can you think of any other ways to
say the same thing, Dan, if I said, can I ask you a question?
这是个动词短语，经常用于非正式的对话中。举个例子：当他听到他妻子生病的消失时，他飞速地跑到了医院。同义词有“dash off”或“run off”。下一个词组是“fire away”，“fire away”是指允许某人说话或者问问题。你能想到其他表达方式吗，丹，如果我说我能问你一个问题吗？
Dan:
I'd say yes, of course, go ahead, please do, or by all means. Restrain.
If you restrain someone, you prevent them from moving. In another
sense, you might restrain yourself from doing something–for example:
eating chocolate! Have you ever had to restrain your children from
anything, Neil?
当然可以，问吧，或者请便。下一个单词是Restran。如果你控制住了某人，就是说你让他无法动弹了。另一层意思是，你克制自己做某事，例如：克制自己吃巧克力！你有没有阻止过自己的孩子做某事，尼尔？
Neil:
I have to restrain my children all the time, Dan, otherwise they would
fight like mad. I have to pull them apart and restrain them. OK,
de-escalate–If something de-escalates, it becomes less intense. This is
often used in the context of conflicts or argument. Can you think of a
historical example, Dan?
我总是要阻止我的孩子们，丹，否则他们就要疯狂地打架了。我要把他们分开，然后控制住他们。好的，下一个单词是“de-escalate”，降级是指局势缓和下来，经常用于冲突或争吵中。你能举个历史实例吗，丹？
Dan:
Well, in the 1960s the Cuban missile crises escalated over a period of
two weeks and de-escalated only after diplomatic negotiations were
successful. But it was pretty close to World War 3 at one point!
Militarise. If something is militarised, it is equipped and used like an
army. Give me an example of people who have become militarised, Neil.
20世纪60年代，两周之内古巴导弹危机升级，但外交谈判成功后，便降级了。这差点就导致了第三次世界大战。下一个单词是“Militarise”。军事化是指像军队一样武装起来。尼尔，举个武装者的例子。
Neil:
Yes, when I was a student in the United Kingdom some of the foreign
students had to go home to take part in national service – that's join
the army for a couple of years – so they became militarised. Now, an
arms race. An arms race is a competition between two groups to gain more
weapons than the other group. Got an example of that, Dan?
好的，我在英国上学时，有些外国学生要回国服兵役——当几年兵——他们就被武装起来了。军备竞赛（an arms race）指双方在军事装备数量上展开的竞赛。丹，举个例子吧？
Dan:
The most famous example of this is the Cold War. Both the USSR and the
USA became involved in an arms race to stockpile as many nuclear weapons
as possible. Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute English. Please
join us again soon!
冷战就是最好的例子了。苏联和美国就展开了军备竞赛，他们争相储存尽可能多的核武器。好了本期英语六分钟节目就到这里了。欢迎继续收听我们下一期的BBC六分钟。
Neil: And we are on social media too, so make sure to visit us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.
社交媒体上也有我们的节目，欢迎大家在Facebook、Twitter、Instagram 和YouTube上收听我们的节目。
Both: Bye!
再见！
6 Minute English from the BBC.
BBC英语六分钟。
