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抖音,全世界最成功的“奶头乐”产品?

西外英语  · 公众号  ·  · 2021-05-04 22:20

正文


READING
写在正式学习前

风里雨里,次条等你!大家好,这里是 西外英语 。我是 西外君

太痛苦了,我今天凌晨三点才睡。最痛苦的是我今早因为有事被闹钟叫醒的那一刻,那一刻全世界都是我的敌人。拔刀吧!砸瓦鲁多!

利路修都下班了,我……

什么?你问我为什么三点才睡?我为什么凌晨才睡,哈!万恶的抖音!

我之前从来没有下载过抖音。昨晚想着要发一篇关于TikTok 的外刊精读,那我怎么也得了解一下TikTok的国内版是个怎样的存在。

激动的心,颤抖的手,于是许久没有熬夜的老年人三点才依依不舍地入睡。

我的头发,我的皱纹,我的黑眼圈……


今早醒来第一件事:关闹钟;第二件事:卸载抖音!

可能是自制力实在太差,这种“奶头乐”产品我真的抵抗不了。

何谓 “奶头乐(Tittytainment)”

“奶头乐”一词最早出现于《明镜》杂志记者汉斯·彼得·马丁与哈拉尔特·舒曼合著的书《全球化陷阱(Die Globalisierungsfalle: Der Angriff auf Demokratie und Wohlstand)》,之前译为“靠喂奶生活”。


1995年,美国国家安全顾问、地缘战略理论家布热津斯基依据未来经济全球化过程中的 “二八定律 (The 80/20 Rule / Pareto principle) ” ,提出“奶头乐理论”。

(经济上的“二八现象”:社会上20%的人掌握了80%的社会财富。)

即,可以给80%的普通大众一个“奶头”,让他们心安理得接受被抛弃的命运,以此来避免与20%的精英间的冲突。

这个“奶头”可以通过以下两种娱乐方式提供,一是 发泄型娱乐 ,比如开放色情产业,鼓励暴力网络游戏;二是 满足型娱乐 ,比如肥皂剧、偶像剧、真人秀等大众化视听娱乐。这类娱乐能让生活辛苦的大众不知不觉地在“奶头乐”中乐不思蜀。


抖音这类产品将满足型娱乐发挥到了极致。

通过算法,抖音精确捕捉到你喜欢的视频类型。甫一进入抖音首页,你都不用点击,视频就自动播放。

而且,有没有发现,在刷抖音时,你感觉到不到时间的流逝。只需要向下滑,短视频就会一条接着一条播放。

你会不清楚自己到底刷了多久。当自己反应过来时,你以为过了几分钟,实则几个小时过去了。(天上快活一日,人间已过一年)太可怕了……


还记得自己刷过的内容吗?反正我只记得第一条引我入坑的那头小象……

当娱乐挤占了一个人大部分的生活和时间,这个人就会渐渐丧失思考能力。于是,沉迷的人继续沉迷,清醒的人保持清醒,人与人之间的差距,甚至阶层之间的差距就越拉越大……

关于抖音,于我而言,到此为止吧,我是不敢再碰了。

接下来的外刊精读,是《经济学人》2020年9月16日发表的一篇关于去年特朗普政府对TikTok的强买强卖。那字节跳动到底有没有出售海外业务呢?


原文网址:
https://www.economist.com/business/2020/09/16/who-are-the-tiktok-sagas-biggest-winners

原文标题:
Who are the TikTok saga’s biggest winners?


原文阅读



Oracle’s Trump card
Who are the TikTok saga’s biggest winners?
As the race to control TikTok enters the final stretch, a White House-friendly tech giant seems to have carried the day

President Donald Trump's demand in August that ByteDance sell TikTok to an American firm set off a race for the Chinese firm’s trophy asset. Jockeying for the popular short-video app’s American business, with 100m users, was fierce. Microsoft seemed ahead, and got a late fillip when Walmart joined its bid. But the software-and-grocery duo was pipped to the post. On September 14th Oracle, a database firm, signalled it had brokered a deal.

Oracle’s clinching argument in its favour seems to have been its rapport with the White House. Larry Ellison, Oracle’s founder and chairman, hosted a fund-raiser for Mr Trump. The firm’s boss, Safra Catz, served on his transition team in 2016. “She lobbied a lot in Washington and she did a great job,” says a ByteDance investor. Oracle also enlisted the firm’s powerful American venture-capital backers, including Sequoia Capital and General Atlantic.

The fudge may suit Mr Trump fine. Risks associated with banning TikTok have risen. On August 28th China’s commerce ministry invoked its own national-security concerns to block the sale of ByteDance’s algorithm to foreigners. It seemed to dare the president to go for a ban, the legal basis for which has always looked shaky. According to an American diplomat, the executive orders on TikTok were drafted by Peter Navarro, the president’s China-bashing economic adviser. They did not go through the usual vetting process by lawyers and bureaucrats and could contain holes; ByteDance has already filed a lawsuit. Mr Trump’s other advisers also cautioned against a ban that could irk millions of TikTokers in battleground states like Texas and Florida.

精讲解析



标题
Oracle’s Trump card

甲骨文拿到了特朗普的王牌

Who are the TikTok saga ’s biggest winners?

谁是TikTok这一系列事件背后的最大赢家?

As the race to control TikTok enters the final stretch, a White House-friendly tech giant seems to have carried the day.

随着对TikTok的控制竞争进入最后阶段,一家跟白宫交好的科技巨头似乎取得了胜利。


  • Oracle /ˈɒrəkəl/ 圣人;神谕


noun [countable] 文中指甲骨文公司(Oracle Corporation)

英文释义:
1)圣人 someone who the ancient Greeks believed could communicate with the gods, who gave advice to people or told them what would happen
2)神谕 a message given by an oracle

【词组】
oracle bone inscriptions 甲骨文
oracle bone 甲骨(中国商朝用来刻写占卜文字的龟甲兽骨)
delphic oracle 德尔斐神谕

【例句】
This week Oracle expanded its effort by buying Navio, a spin-off from Netscape Communications. ECONOMIST: The network computer
本周,甲骨文加大力度收购Navio,Navio是从网景通信公司(Netscape Communications)剥离出来的。

  • Saga /ˈsɑːɡə/


noun [countable] 冒险故事,英雄事迹,传说;长篇故事;一连串的事件

这个词的英文释义是a long and complicated series of events, or a description of this 或者a long story about events that happen over many years

一般用作 saga of sth,例如 saga of San Diego

【例句】
The novel is a historical saga, set in Tudor times.
这部小说是一部以都铎时代为背景的历史传奇。
Let me update you on my social security saga.
我来告诉你我的社保计划。


第一段
President Donald Trump’ s demand in August that ByteDance sell TikTok to an American firm set off a race for the Chinese firm’ s trophy asset. Jockeying for the popular short-video app’ s American business, with 100m users, was fierce. Microsoft seemed ahead, and got a late fillip when Walmart joined its bid . But the software-and-grocery duo was pipped to the post. On September 14th Oracle, a database firm, signaled it had brokered a deal.

今年8月,唐纳德·特朗普总统要求字节跳动把TikTok卖给一家美国公司,引发了一场以争夺这家公司资产为奖品的竞赛。这款广受欢迎的短视频应用程序拥有1亿用户,在美国的业务竞争十分激烈。微软似乎领先,随后刺激的是沃尔玛也加入了它的竞购。但这对软件公司和百货公司的搭档却被击败了。9月14日,数据库公司甲骨文表示,它已经促成了一项交易。


  • ByteDance 字节跳动英文译名


  • Set off a race for ... 引发了一场关于……的竞赛


  • Trophy[ˈtrəʊfi] n. 奖品;战利品;纪念品


【例句】
在下面这个例句里,trophy是奖品的意思。
The dead girlfriend that supposedly inspired throughout his Heisman Trophy run did not exist. NPR: Golson Suspended For Poor Academic Judgment
据说在他跑海斯曼奖杯的过程中激发他灵感的已故女友并不存在。

【近义词】
Award / price n.奖品
Capture n. 战利品

【同源词】
Trophic adj. 营养的

  • Jockey for 争夺


【词组】
jockey for power 争夺权力
jockey for position 卡位 ; 赛马时,挤其他骑师以占有有利位置

【例句】
Some saw an attempt by Mr Balls to jockey for position in a post-Gordon Brown government. ECONOMIST: School admissions
有人认为,鲍尔斯是想在后戈登•布朗政府中谋求职位。

  • Fillip [ˈfɪlɪp] n. 刺激;弹指


【词组】
Not Worth A Fillip 毫不足取

【例句】
As confidence returns, even a small reversal in this trend would give spending a fillip. ECONOMIST: The Irish economy
随着信心的恢复,在这种趋势下即使是一个小的逆转也会刺激消费。

【近义词】
Stimulus / incentive n. 刺激

  • Bid [bɪd] n. (尤指拍卖中的)出价;(收购某一公司股份的)出价;投标;努力;叫牌


【词组】
bid price 买入价 ; 投标价格
bid up v. 抬价
takeover bid 收购行动;收购竞争;购并出价

【例句】
Some Tajiks would like to see their own man, Mohammed Fahim, make a bid for power. ECONOMIST: The face of the new Afghanistan starts to take shape
一些塔吉克人希望看到他们的自己人(穆罕默德·法希姆)争取权力。

【同源词】
Bidder n. 投标人;出价人
Biddable adj. 顺从的;可叫牌的

  • Duo [ˈdjuːəʊ] n. 二重奏;二重唱;二人组


【词组】
The Piano Duet 四手联弹

【例句】
Among the duo's credits: Notting Hill, Fargo, Dead Man Walking and Four Weddings and a Funeral. FORBES: Hollywood On The Thames
这对搭档的作品包括:《诺丁山》、《冰血暴》、《行尸走肉》和《四个婚礼和一个葬礼》。

【近义词】
Duet n. 二重奏;二重唱


第二段
Oracle’ s clinching argument in its favour seems to have been its rapport with the White House. Larry Ellison, Oracle’ s founder and chairman, hosted a fund-raiser for Mr Trump. The firm’ s boss, Safra Catz, served on his transition team in 2016. “She lobbied a lot in Washington and she did a great job,” says a ByteDance investor. Oracle also enlisted the firm’ s powerful American venture-capital backers, including Sequoia Capital and General Atlantic.

甲骨文肯定地认为情况对自己有利,这似乎与它跟白宫关系融洽有关。甲骨文的创始人兼董事长拉里•埃里森为特朗普主持了一场筹款活动。该公司的老板萨弗拉•卡茨于2016年加入了他的过渡团队。字节跳动的一位投资者表示:“她在华盛顿做了很多游说,而且做得很好。”甲骨文还得到了美国强大的风险投资公司的支持,包括红杉资本(Sequoia Capital)和大西洋公司(General Atlantic)。


  • Clinching [ˈklɪntʃɪŋ]


Clinch [klɪntʃ] 的现代分词,作动词,译为:确定,敲定,解决;成功赢得

【例句】
Jellinek says he hopes to soon clinch press credentials for McKagan to attend presidential press conferences. FORBES: Playboy's Rocky Remake
耶利内克说,他希望很尽快为麦卡根赢得出席总统新闻发布会的媒体资格。

  • Rapport [ræˈpɔː(r)]


n. 密切关系,交往;和谐一致;亲善,融洽;和睦关系

【词组】
Building Trust & Rapport 建立信任与默契

【例句】
His own humble beginnings may even have given him a rapport with the dispossessed. ECONOMIST: Tiny Rowland
他卑微的出身甚至可能让他与无产者相处融洽。

【近义词】
Affinity n. 密切关系;姻亲关系

【同源词】
rapprochement n. 友好;恢复邦交;友善关系的建立

  • Lobby [ˈlɒbi]


我们最常见的它的释义是名词“大厅,休息室”,它作动词是译为“对……进行游说”,文中用的就是游说的意思。

【词组】
Arrival Lobby 入境大厅
Departure Lobby 出境大厅

【例句】
No suggestions, please, just go out and lobby your Congressman, or write a supportive oped. FORBES: Beltway Keynesians
请别提建议,出去游说你们的国会议员,或者写篇支持的专栏。

【近义词】
Sala /salle n. 大厅

【同源词】
lobbyist n. 说客;活动议案通过者
lobbyism n. 院外活动;游说;疏通

中间一些段落具体阐述了美国政府认为TikTok会窃取并泄露美国用户的信息,并且可能会发布一些虚假信息,要求字节跳动把TikTok卖给微软。其中有一些mingan的词汇和言论这里不便展示。

字节跳动没有出售TikTok给微软,而是决定由甲骨文管理TikTok的全球业务。字节跳动则继续提供、运行和更新个人推荐的页面算法。

第三段
The fudge may suit Mr Trump fine . Risks associated with banning TikTok have risen. On August 28th China’ s commerce ministry invoked its own national-security concerns to block the sale of ByteDance’ s algorithm to foreigners. It seemed to dare the president to go for a ban, the legal basis for which has always looked shaky. According to an American diplomat, the executive orders on TikTok were drafted by Peter Navarro, the president’ s China-bashing economic adviser. They did not go through the usual vetting process by lawyers and bureaucrats and could contain holes; ByteDance has already filed a lawsuit . Mr Trump’ s other advisers also cautioned against a ban that could irk millions of TikTokers in battle ground states like Texas and Florida.

参考译文:这种折中方案可能很合特朗普的胃口。禁止TikTok相关的风险已经上升。8月28日,中国商务部以其自身的国家安全考虑为由,阻止了字节跳动的算法出售给外国人。总统似乎不敢颁布禁令,其法律依据一直不太站得住脚。据一名美国外交官称,TikTok上的行政命令是抨击中国的总统经济顾问彼得·纳瓦罗起草的。它们并没有经过律师和官僚们例常审查程序,可能存在漏洞;字节跳动已经提起诉讼。特朗普的其他顾问也警告称,这项禁令可能会惹恼德克萨斯州和佛罗里达州等选举战场的数百万TikTok用户。


  • Fudge [fʌdʒ] n.不太令人满意的折中方案


英文释义:an unsatisfactory compromise reached to evade a difficult problem or controversial issue.

作名词还有 “胡说,废话” 的意思,这时等同于 “nonsense”

除了名词,还可以作为动词使用,译为 “模糊处理”

【例句】
To fudge and fiddle with the rules is just to weaken the original objective. FORBES: Euro – economics pays the price of political ego
篡改规则只会削弱最初的目标。

  • Suit sb fine 很适合某人,很合某人的意


Fine 在这里作副词,修饰动词suit。

【拓展一下】
Suit sb just fine 正好适合某人;刚好适合某人

  • Invoke [ɪnˈvəʊk] vt. 调用;祈求;引起;恳求


这个词不是第一次出现了,我们来简单复习一下

【例句】
The judge invoked an international law that protects refugees.






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