2023 ICML丨大会主席Franco Cavalli教授：中国在淋巴瘤研究中的重要性正在凸显

Cavali教授： 本次大会有两个主要的亮点。第一个亮点与霍奇金淋巴瘤有关。至少有三个大型临床试验数据表明，与之前80%~85%的治愈率相比，目前霍奇金淋巴瘤的治愈率接近95%，这也意味着在不久的将来，霍奇金淋巴瘤可以被完全治愈。此外，在非霍奇金淋巴瘤方面，研究表明原发性纵膈淋巴瘤患者可免去放疗，这对于这种年轻人高发的疾病治疗很有意义。在这两个方面最有趣的是新型CAR-T细胞疗法。会议上介绍了第四代CAR-T细胞，相比前几代，它活性更高且毒性更小，因此我有预感CAR-T细胞疗法将在短时间内进入一线治疗，至少也能成为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤高风险患者的一线治疗。

第二个亮点是大量关于双特异性单克隆抗体（bispecific monoclonal antibodies）在治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤所有亚型中的研究数据。我相信，双特异性单克隆抗体将很快成为治疗所有非霍奇金淋巴瘤亚型的主要手段，其中还可能包括T细胞淋巴瘤。

Oncology Frontier：Could you please brief us on the hot spots and highlights of this ICML congress?

I think that there are two major avenues of interest from this congress. The first one is related with Hodgkin lymphoma, there are at least three huge clinical trials, which demonstrate that, in contrast to the current situation where we can cure 80 to 85% of the patients, based on this new data, we can assume that already now, we are able to cure almost 95% of the patient. And most importantly, they hint to the fact that, in a near future, we should be able to cure all patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. If we got non-Hodgkin lymphoma, I think that besides the study demonstrating that radiotherapy is no longer necessary in primary mediastinal lymphoma, which is important, because this is a disease of young people. The two most interesting aspects where the presentation of new types of CAR-T cells treatment. So the 4th generation of CAR-T cells was presented, which is going to be almost surely more active than the previous ones and less toxic, so that I have the feeling that CAR-T cells will soon be moved into the first line treatment, at least of high risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The second aspect is related to the enormous amount of data about bispecific monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of all subtypes of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. And I am sure that very soon bispecific monoclonal antibodies will become probably the major weapon in the treatment of all subtypes of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including probably the T cell lymphoma.

Cavali教授： 在前面的会议中，我们总是讨论远东地区T细胞和NKT细胞淋巴瘤的治疗结果。这一次我们决定换个话题，将讨论一些有关中国的流行病学数据。事实上，中国（在淋巴瘤研究中）的重要性正在凸显。不仅仅是因为在中国有一些特定亚型的淋巴瘤，而在西方国家非常罕见，同时中国也正在积极进行新药的临床试验。

在本次卢加诺会议上，我们收到的提交给ICML的摘要中，有近15%来自中国学者，这也证明了中国在临床研究领域以及在治疗淋巴瘤的新药开发领域的重要性。

Oncology Frontier：We attention that the UCLI-ICML JOINT SESSION was also held in this year, which mainly discussed the latest lymphoma research in China and Europe. This session is the fourth time has been held. Could you please talk about the implication of this session?

In the previous meetings, we always discussed results of the treatment of T-cell and NKT cell lymphoma in the far east. This time we decided to change the topic, and we will discuss some epidemiological data concerning China. China is becoming important. Not only because in China, there are some specific subtypes of lymphomas, which are very rare in the Western countries, but also because China is entering the field of clinical trials with new drugs.

This has been witnessed also by the fact that for this Lugano conference, we received almost 15% of the abstract submitted to ICML that were coming from China, which demonstrated that China is becoming very important in the field of clinical research, but also in the field of the development of new drugs to treat lymphomas.

Cavali教授： 对于国际结外淋巴瘤研究组（IELSG）来说，与中国方面的合作一直都十分重要，这在未来可能会变得更加重要。原因之一是IELSG的主要研究课题是边缘区淋巴瘤，而边缘区淋巴瘤（marginal zone lymphomas）在中国非常普遍，比滤泡性淋巴瘤（follicular lymphoma）更常见。

因此，IELSG对与中国的合作非常感兴趣。此外，我们从瑞士政府获得了一些资源以强化与中国的合作。目前我们正在上海赞助一项鼻NKT细胞淋巴瘤试验，该试验旨在评估检查点抑制剂与放疗的联合疗效。我们准备扩大这项研究，且提前为在中国开展的临床研究都做好准备。为此，我们在卢加诺会议上与来自中国的肿瘤血液方向的教授大咖们进行讨论，以促进将来的密切合作。

此外，从实验室研究的角度来看，我们的愿景是将中国淋巴瘤的生物学特点与西方淋巴瘤的生物学特点进行比较，以此了解两者在生物学层面的差异。因此，我们必须在我们的实验室和中国的实验室之间建立严格的联系，以便能够对同样的标本进行相同的评估，这样最终才能找出中国淋巴瘤与欧洲淋巴瘤在分子生物学、免疫学方面的差异。

Oncology Frontier：What kind of cooperation will be carried out between IELSG and UCLI in the future?

For the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG), the cooperation with China has always been important. It is probably going even to be more important in the future. One reason is that the main topic of research of the IELSG are marginal zone lymphomas and marginal zone lymphomas are very common in China and more common than follicular lymphoma.

And therefore, the IELSG is very much interested in cooperating with China. Moreover, we have received some resources from the Swiss government to increase the cooperation with China. Now we are sponsoring a trial in the nasal NKT cell lymphomas in Shanghai, combining checkpoint inhibitor with radiotherapy. We plan to expand that study; we plan to prepare all the clinical studies to be carried out in China. Moreover, we have been discussing here in Lugano with some of the leading professors for onco-hematology in China to have an intense cooperation.

Also, from the point of view of the laboratory research, the vision would be to compare the biology of the Chinese lymphomas with the biology of the Western lymphomas. We know that there are differences, but we do not know exactly on the biological level, which are the differences. And therefore, we have to put in strict contact between our labs and the Chinese labs, in order to be able to make the same evaluation of the same specimens, so that we might at the end be able to find out, which are the differences in the molecular biology, in immunology, characteristic of the Chinese lymphomas versus the European lymphomas.