Standard measures of productivity display enormous dispersion across farms in Africa. Crop yields and input intensities appear to vary greatly, seemingly in conflict with a model of efficient allocation across farms. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for distinguishing between measurement error, unobserved heterogeneity, and potential misallocation. Using rich panel data from farms in Tanzania and Uganda, we estimate our model using a flexible specification in which we allow for several kinds of measurement error and heterogeneity. We find that measurement error and heterogeneity together account for a large fraction of the dispersion in measured productivity.
参考文献：Gollin, D., Udry, C., 2020. Heterogeneity, Measurement Error, and Misallocation: Evidence from African Agriculture. J. Polit. Econ. 129, 1–80. https://doi.org/10.1086/711369
2、父母对儿童认知水平信念的局部扭曲
Local Distortions in Parental Beliefs over Child Skill
Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Class of 1999, we show that parental beliefs about a child’s cognitive skill relative to children of the same age are distorted by a child’s cognitive skill relative to children in the same school. Parents of children attending schools with low (high) average skills tend to believe their child is higher (lower) in the overall skill distribution than they actually are. Teacher evaluations of child skill also exhibit local distortions, providing a channel through which parental biases might arise. Finally, we relate parental beliefs and investment, providing insight on how local distortions may impact the skill distribution.
参考文献：Kinsler, J., Pavan, R., 2020. Local Distortions in Parental Beliefs over Child Skill. J. Polit. Econ. 129, 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1086/711347
We study whether gender influences credit attribution for group work using observational data and two experiments. We use data from academic economists to test whether coauthorship matters differently for tenure for men and women. We find that, conditional on quality and other observables, men are tenured similarly regardless of whether they coauthor or solo author. Women, however, are less likely to receive tenure the more they coauthor. We then conduct two experiments that demonstrate that biases in credit attribution in settings without confounds exist. Taken together, our results are best explained by gender and stereotypes influencing credit attribution for group work.
参考文献：Sarsons, H., Gërxhani, K., Reuben, E., Schram, A., 2020. Gender Differences in Recognition for Group Work. J. Polit. Econ. 129, 101–147. https://doi.org/10.1086/711401
4、具有协同与从属的序贯拍卖
Sequential Auctions with Synergy and Affiliation across Auctions
This paper performs a structural analysis of sequential auctions with both synergy and affiliation across auctions. I propose a flexible yet tractable sequential auction model under the private value paradigm and establish its nonparametric identification, demonstrating an intuitive and general method for disentangling synergy from affiliation. After developing an estimation procedure closely tied to the identification steps, I apply it to data on adjacent oil and gas leases that are auctioned sequentially. I assess the role played by affiliation versus synergy in the observed allocation patterns and evaluate the counterfactual policy of bundled auctions.
参考文献：Kong, Y., 2020. Sequential Auctions with Synergy and Affiliation across Auctions. J. Polit. Econ. 129, 148–181. https://doi.org/10.1086/711402
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5、抑制企业流动性冲击：贸易信贷的作用
Curbing Shocks to Corporate Liquidity: The Role of Trade Credit
Using data on liquidity shortfalls generated by the fraud and failure of a cash-in-transit firm, we demonstrate effects on firms’ trade credit usage. We find that firms manage liquidity shortages by increasing the amount of credit drawn from suppliers and decreasing the amount issued to customers. The compounded trade credit adjustments are on average of similar magnitude as corresponding adjustments in cash holdings, suggesting that trade credit positions are economically important sources of reserve liquidity for firms. The underlying mechanism in trade credit adjustments is in part due to shifts in overdue payments.
参考文献：Amberg, N., Jacobson, T., von Schedvin, E., Townsend, R., 2020. Curbing Shocks to Corporate Liquidity: The Role of Trade Credit. J. Polit. Econ. 129, 182–242. https://doi.org/10.1086/711403
6. 管理技能、雇员摩擦和管理者回报：一项实证研究
People Management Skills, Employee Attrition, and Manager Rewards: An Empirical Analysis
How much do a manager’s interpersonal skills with subordinates, which we call people management skills, affect employee outcomes? Are managers rewarded for having such skills? Using personnel data from a large high-tech firm, we show that survey-measured people management skills have a strong negative relation to employee turnover. A causal interpretation is reinforced by several research designs, including those exploiting new workers joining the firm and workers switching managers. However, people management skills do not consistently improve most observed nonattrition outcomes. Better people managers themselves receive higher subjective performance ratings, higher promotion rates, and larger salary increases.
参考文献：Hoffman, M., Tadelis, S., 2020. People Management Skills, Employee Attrition, and Manager Rewards: An Empirical Analysis. J. Polit. Econ. 129, 243–285. https://doi.org/10.1086/711409
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7、父母与子女的信息摩擦与人力资本投资：来自实地试验的证据
Parent-Child Information Frictions and Human Capital Investment: Evidence from a Field Experiment
This paper studies information frictions between parents and children and their effect on human capital investments. I provide biweekly information to a random sample of parents about their child’s missed assignments. Parents have upwardly biased beliefs about their child’s effort. Providing information attenuates this bias and improves student achievement. Using data from the experiment, I estimate a persuasion game between parents and their children that shows that the treatment effect is due to more accurate beliefs and reduced monitoring costs. Policy simulations from the model demonstrate that improving school reporting or providing more information to parents can increase learning at low cost.
参考文献：Bergman, P., 2020. Parent-Child Information Frictions and Human Capital Investment: Evidence from a Field Experiment. J. Polit. Econ. 129, 286–322. https://doi.org/10.1086/711410
8、转嫁效应：关于外部竞争、税收归宿和价格歧视
Pass-Through as an Economic Tool: On Exogenous Competition, Social Incidence, and Price Discrimination
Weyl and Fabinger (2013)根据进入市场的数量分析了竞争的社会归宿，以及三级价格歧视的产出和其福利效应。但是，此方法仅对从零开始的数量或需求函数为线性形式的边际变化估计准确。我们展示了使用改进的方法扩展Weyl和Fabinger(2013)的分析，并得出有关竞争的社会发生率以及垄断和寡头市场中三级价格歧视对产出和福利的影响。
Weyl and Fabinger (2013) analyze the social incidence of competition and the output and welfare effects of third-degree price discrimination by considering the hypothetical entrance of exogenous quantity into a market. The formulas they use for this purpose, however, are correct only for marginal changes in exogenous quantity starting at zero or if demand functions are linear. We show how using the correct formulas changes Weyl and Fabinger’s analyses and leads to new results on the social incidence of competition and on the output and welfare effects of third-degree price discrimination in monopoly and oligopoly markets.
参考文献：Miklós-Thal, J., Shaffer, G., 2020. Pass-Through as an Economic Tool: On Exogenous Competition, Social Incidence, and Price Discrimination. J. Polit. Econ. 129, 323–335. https://doi.org/10.1086/711348
