校园设计 | U型钢材结构：巴西·Rudolf Steiner大学

搜建筑 · 公众号 · · 2024-07-05 13:32

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鲁道夫-斯坦纳学院新的教育学和心理学总部位于博阿维斯塔地区，由马里奥-比塞利和阿图尔-卡奇伯良合伙的比塞利-卡奇伯良事务所设计。该项目通过该学院组织的竞赛脱颖而出，其灵感来自华德福教学法的整体价值观及其与自然的关系。

Located in the Alto da Boa Vista region, the new headquarters for Pedagogy and Psychology at the Rudolf Steiner College was designed by the Biselli Katchborian office, owned by partners Mario Biselli and Artur Katchborian. Selected through a competition organized by the institution itself, the project was inspired by the holistic values of Waldorf pedagogy and its relationship with nature.

建筑面积约 3850 平方米，采用 U 型结构，环绕地块中央的一棵百年芒果树。保护这棵树是建筑设计的主要挑战之一，也是建筑设计的指导思想，所有环境都以这棵树为中心。芒果树的底部是中央庭院，供学生沉思和与自然互动。

The building, which measures approximately 3,850 square meters, features a U-shaped structure that encircles a century-old mango tree in the center of the plot. Preserving this tree was one of the main challenges and guided the architectural design, which directs all environments towards it. At the base of the mango tree is the central courtyard, intended for student contemplation and interaction with nature.

在对华德福教育机构的建筑进行研究时，办公室注意到该项目强调手工劳动和木材，并将其作为项目的基本材料。然而，由于地块面积相对较小，钢材被选为建筑结构的解决方案，因为它能够跨越较大的距离，避免在底层产生支柱，旨在以最小的干扰吸引人。

During research related to architectures aimed at Waldorf pedagogical institutions, the office observed an emphasis on manual work and wood as essential materials for the project's identity. However, due to the relatively small size of the plot, steel was chosen as the building's structural solution because of its capacity to span large distances and avoid creating pillars on the ground floor, designed to be inviting with minimal interference.

因此，木材的使用有两种不同的方式。首先，通过固定在楼板系统上的工程木结构，为面向内部庭院的细木工制品提供支撑，并将其转化为固定家具，供楼内学生使用。

Thus, wood was used in two distinct ways. First, literally, through an engineered wood structure fixed to the slab system, serving as support for the joinery facing the internal courtyard and converting into fixed furniture for students inside the building.

其次，从象征意义上讲，在包层和遮阳设备的金属表面上，从微观上看到了木材的有机图案。"Biselli Katchborian 的管理合伙人、建筑师马里奥-比塞利（Mario Biselli）强调说："这是在不使用木材的情况下对木材的借鉴。

Second, symbolically, with the visual application of the organic patterns of wood seen on a microscopic scale on the metallic surfaces of the cladding and shading devices. "It's a reference to wood without using the material," highlights architect Mario Biselli, managing partner of Biselli Katchborian.

总部的项目分布在底层和两层，每层有六间教室。该机构的教学活动空间设计灵活，可根据需要进行重组，确保用户有更大的使用自由。这种灵活性还体现在楼层之间的交通上，其结构有利于促进会议和社交活动。

The headquarters' program is distributed between the ground floor and two levels, each with six classrooms. The spaces intended for the institution's pedagogical activities were designed flexibly, allowing for reorganization according to needs and ensuring greater freedom of use for users. This flexibility also extends to the circulation between floors, structured to foster moments of meeting and socializing.

二楼的屋顶露台供学生和教师休闲放松。露台空间开阔，视野开阔，室外家具以舒适为主。"这是我们放置户外家具的最酷的项目之一。Patio 系列家具具有半开放式的美感，轻巧灵活，与建筑概念形成了非常有趣的场景，与外墙的网格、地板和金属板形成了互动，"负责总部家具的 Novidário 公司合伙人何塞-马查多（José Machado）说。

A rooftop terrace on the second floor was implemented for relaxation moments between students and teachers. Open, the space offers a privileged view of the surroundings and furniture that prioritizes outdoor comfort. "It was one of the coolest projects where we placed our outdoor furniture. The Patio line, with its semi-open aesthetic, light and flexible furniture, creates a very interesting scene with the architectural concept, interacting with the grids, flooring, and metal plates of the facade," reveals José Machado, partner at Novidário, the company responsible for the headquarters' furniture.

为了将各楼层与外部连接起来，在中央庭院安装了两部玻璃封闭式全景电梯，可以看到芒果树和总部周围的景色。在屋顶上，设置了一个悬挂式大楼，用于行政办公，图书馆则安装在大楼的最高处，就像一座灯塔，寓意着对知识追求的重要性和承诺。

To connect the floors externally, two glass-enclosed panoramic elevators were installed in the central courtyard, offering views of the mango tree and the surroundings of the headquarters. On the rooftop, a suspended block was implemented to house administrative uses, and the library was installed in the highest position of the building, like a lighthouse, as an allegory of the importance and commitment to the pursuit of knowledge.