经济学人精读｜脑科学：犯罪与青少年时期脑损伤的关系【1】

A knock on the head can change the course of a whole life. Traumatic brain injuries affect around onein ten people in rich countries. Those who have experienced such injuries are more likely to suffer mental-healthproblems and loneliness .They are more likely to struggle with addiction to drink or drugs, or to be homeless. They are also more likely to commit crimes , including violent ones, although most do not. Estimates vary, but they consistently show that people in prison are many times more likely to have brain injuries.

Knock noun C

the action of something hard hitting yourbody 撞击 :

• He got a knockon the head when he fell. 他跌了一跤，撞到了头。

trau · mat · ic adjective

a traumatic experience is so shocking and upsetting that it affects you for a long time 〔经历〕痛苦难忘的，造成精神创伤的 :

• His son's deathwas the most traumatic event in Stan's life. 儿子的死是斯坦一生中最大的创伤。

suf · fer verb

if someone suffers an unpleasant or difficult experience, or is in a difficult situation,it happens to them or they experience it 遭受（困难） ; 吃苦头，受损害 :

[+ from ]

• London employers were suffering from a desperate shortage of school-leavers. 伦敦的雇主正面临中学毕业生严重缺失的困境。

• Most of us havesuffered the consequences of stupid decisions taken by others. 我们大多数人都承受过因他人的愚蠢决定而造成的后果。

• In June 1667,England suffered a humiliating defeat by the Dutch.1667 年 6 月，英格兰蒙受了被荷兰打败的耻辱。

suffer loss /damage / injury

• They are unlikely to suffer much loss of business after 2001.2001 年后，他们蒙受商业损失的可能性不大。

• He suffered headinjuries in the crash. 在撞车事故中，他的头部受了伤。

Loneliness  N 孤独

ad · dic · tion noun C,U

the need to take a harmful drug regularly,without being able to stop 瘾 :

drug / heroin / alcohol etc addiction 毒瘾 / 海洛因瘾 / 酒瘾等

[+ to ]

• addiction toalcohol 酒瘾

com · mit verb

to do something wrong or illegal 犯〔错误或罪行〕 :

• Women commitfewer crimes than men. 女性犯罪比男性少。

commit murder / rape / arson etc

• Brady committeda series of brutal murders. 布雷迪犯下了一连串残忍的谋杀案。