主讲人:
李明(香港中文大学(深圳)助理教授)
主持人:
(北大经院)莫家伟
参与老师:
(北大经院)杨汝岱、田巍、刘政文、吴群锋
(北大新结构)王歆、徐铭梽
(北大国发院)薛思帆
时间:
2024年12月4日(周三)
10:00-11:30
地点:
北京大学经济学院305会议室
主讲人简介:
Ming Li is an Assistant Professor of Economics at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen. Her research interests cover topics of the Chinese economy, political economy, and urban economics. Her current research focuses on entrepreneurship, internal migration and trade, and the political economy of firm dynamics in China. She received the Bachelor’s degree in Finance from Peking University and Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania.
摘要:
We decode China’s industrial policy from 2000 by employing large language models (LLMs) to extract and analyze rich information from a comprehensive dataset of 3 million documents issued by central, provincial, and municipal governments. Through careful prompt engineering, multistage extraction and refinement, and rigorous verification, LLMs allow us to capture detailed policy dimensions, including context and scope, targeted industries, tools, implementation mechanisms, and intergovernmental relationships, etc., and thus provide a nuanced understanding of the evolution of China’s industrial policy. By combining structured policy data with micro-level firm data, we document 13 key facts about China's industrial policy. Our analysis explores the following critical questions. Which industries are targeted and how does this align with economic theory? What tools are deployed most frequently and how does their usage vary across government levels and regions? We also examine the impact of these policies on firm behavior, including entry, production, and productivity growth, and highlight the heterogeneous effects of different policy tools. In addition, we explore the political economy of industrial policy, focusing on top-down transmission mechanisms, policy diffusion, and persistence across regions. Finally, we document spatial inefficiencies and industry-wide overcapacity as potential downsides. This study provides a comprehensive picture of China’s industrial policies, highlighting both successes and inefficiencies in the policy landscape.