0.
来看一句话:
最后我把自己的名牌投入自动计时器就下班了。
你也许会写出这样的版本:
Finally I put my name card in the time-calculating machine and go off shift.
而母语人士,可能就 4 个词:
Finally I clock off.
简洁明了,同时还把「打卡下班」的动作画面也生动地描绘了出来。仿佛都能听到轻快的滴答声。Clock,名词意为钟表,你我都认识,但名词 clock 做动词表示「打卡」,新奇。
英文中,许多名词都能摇身变作动词,中文则不然,尽管有神句如「一把把把把住了」,但这类表达往往都不常用。
这是一个中英文岔路口。
常见单词,用在意想不到、却分外贴切的地方,常有惊喜。许孟雄老先生说:
If brevity is soul of beauty, English nouns do beautifully for verbs.
1.
生活不缺美,缺的是一双发现名词还能做动词的眼睛。动词出场,总会带上物体和方位——你的周边,这类名词比比皆是。比如,我们来看许老列出的几句话——房屋 house,作动词可以是:
The school is housed in a temple.
我也不知道学校为什么在庙里,大概是近来佛系盛行吧。再把视野缩小,房子里有房间 room:
He is rooming with my friend Li Ming.
房间的墙壁 wall:
The Empress Dowager Ci Xi walled the Emperor Guang Xu in a courtroom.
房间太暗了,你说:要有光——
The room is not bright enough; better window the wall.
你说,要有光。于是凿了窗,窗户凿好了,玻璃还没装:
The window have not been glassed.
玻璃要装光面的,还是磨砂的?你和室友意见不一,争执不下,然后你说:
Let us table our different views on this matter and have a cool-minded discussion.
这一系列名词做动词,还有 chair / fan / book / bed / floor / ground / curtain / balloon / colour …
2.
表示身体部位的名词,一样不简单,比如常见的:
- face difficulities
- shoulder the responsibility
- hand me that book
这几个表达,相信你已熟知,eye / nose / mouth 等的动词用法呢?
再看看这些句子:
- He headed the ball into the net.
- The man behind the desk eyed us suspiciously.
- The old woman is always nosing into her neighbours' affairs.
- He is an expert at mouthing fine promises only to break them.
- Will you bone this piece of fish for me?
都是之前没用过,但了解了就觉得很精妙,对吧?
名词 neck / back / arm / finger / stomach / breast / skin / palm / leg / skin / foot…都可用作动词,所以说身体是革命的本钱,古人诚我不欺啊。
3.
以上列举,只是英文 nouns-for-verbs 的零星一角,有的你见过,有的没有。而这些用法你知道与否,体现的不仅是词汇积累,更是学习习惯: