主要观点总结
中国黄河流域生态环境取得显著进展
关键观点总结
关键观点1: 黄河保护法实施后的成果
黄河保护法于2023年4月1日实施后，取得了显著的成果。包括黄河主流的水质连续第二年达到二级标准，植被覆盖率显著增加，以及流域内的绿色线条向西移动了约300公里。
关键观点2: 植被覆盖和造林努力
黄河流域的植被覆盖率有显著增加，84.9%的地区呈现出积极的趋势。在2023年，黄河沿岸的九个省份完成了覆盖170万公顷的造林工作。
关键观点3: 污染控制和水土保持方面的进展
在污染控制、节水和水土保持方面也取得了进展。例如，在清理固体废物垃圾的活动中，近1.18亿吨垃圾被清理出4,084个地点。此外，黄河流域的非化石能源发电现已占该地区总装机容量的48%以上。
关键观点4: 面临的挑战和对策
尽管取得了进展，但仍然存在挑战。如缺乏治理的有效协调机制，某些跨区域联合预防和控制项目缺乏有效协调导致执行不力，监测和信息共享系统存在不足。为了解决这些问题，需要建立一个全面的、智能化的信息共享平台，覆盖整个流域各级政府。
正文
China has made significant strides in enhancing the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin, according to Li Hongzhong, vice-chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee.Reporting to the country's top legislature on Sunday, Li highlighted key achievements under the Yellow River Protection Law, which took effect on April 1, 2023, following its adoption in October 2022.For the second consecutive year, the quality of the Yellow River's main course has met Grade II standards, the vice-chairman said. China uses a five-tier quality system for surface water, with Grade I being the highest.Li also pointed to a significant increase in vegetation coverage in the basin, with 84.9 percent of the area showing positive trends. Over the past two decades, the basin's "green line" has shifted westward by about 300 kilometers.In 2023, nine provincial-level regions along the Yellow River completed afforestation efforts covering 1.7 million hectares. Additionally, around 16,000 square kilometers of areas affected by water loss and soil erosion were treated.Progress has also been made in pollution control, water conservation and energy transition. For example, in a campaign to address violations involving solid waste, nearly 118 million metric tons of trash were cleared from 4,084 locations.Li noted that water consumption per unit of GDP and unit of industrial value added in the nine provincial regions of the basin decreased by 22.8 percent and 40.9 percent, respectively, from 2018 to 2023.Thanks to ongoing efforts to promote the construction of wind and solar energy bases in the desertification-prone river's upper reaches, non-fossil energy generation in these areas now accounts for more than 48 percent of the total installed capacity.Despite these advancements, Li acknowledged challenges remaining in further strengthening conservation efforts in the basin."The overall coordination mechanism for governance in the basin still needs improvement," he said, emphasizing the complexity of managing the Yellow River's upper and lower reaches, left and right banks, and main and tributary streams.Li noted that while some inter-regional joint prevention and control projects have been signed, they lack effective coordination, leading to inadequate implementation. He also pointed to deficiencies in monitoring and information-sharing systems across the basin."Inconsistencies in basic monitoring data standards in certain regions are impeding collaborative information exchange," he stated.To address these challenges, Li called for the rapid establishment of a comprehensive, intelligent information-sharing platform that spans various government levels throughout the basin.
