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Alice: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，欢迎收听英语六分钟，我是爱丽丝。
Neil: And I’m Neil.
我是尼尔。
Alice: So, Neil, what’s the best holiday you’ve ever had?
尼尔，你所度过最愉快的假期是哪个?
Neil:
That would be scuba diving on the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of
Australia. It was awesome! I saw sharks, sea turtles, manta rays. . .
是在澳大利亚大堡礁潜水。那段经历太棒了！我看到了鲨鱼、海龟、蝠鲼……
Alice:
I certainly don’t like the idea of coming nose to nose with a shark!
But then diving isn’t really my thing. I’m more into cultural holidays –
you know, visiting the ruins of ancient civilisations.
我真的不喜欢和鲨鱼面对面接触。潜水也不是我的菜。我更喜欢具有文化气息的假期，例如参观古老文明的遗迹。
Neil:
That’s very worthy, Alice. But tourists are actually damaging a number
of important sites around the world– tramping around, dropping litter,
scribbling graffiti everywhere…
那很有意义啊，爱丽丝。但是游客们也破坏了很多世界上重要的遗产，随处踩踏、乱扔垃圾、乱写乱画……
Alice: I would never drop litter or scribble graffiti!
我从来没有乱扔垃圾，乱写乱画!
Neil:
Well, we’re talking about world heritage sites today, which are places
UNESCO considers to be at risk from various threats and in need of
protection. Heritage means the things a society considers important to
its history and culture, for example art, buildings, or natural sites
such as the Grand Canyon in the United States.
今天我们要谈论的就是世界遗产，世界遗产是指联合国教科文组织认为那些遭受各种威胁，需要保护的地方。遗产是指一个社会认为对其历史和文化至关重要的东西。例如，艺术、建筑、自然景观，像美国的大峡谷。
Alice:
And the environment poses a number of different threats. So, Neil, can
you tell me which sea creature is a potential threat to the Great
Barrier Reef’s ecosystem? Is it a …a) starfish? b) jellyfish? Or c)
cuttlefish?
环境变化也给这些遗产带来了许多威胁。尼尔，你能告诉我哪种海洋生物会对大堡礁的生态系统构成威胁吗？a)海星b)海蜇还是c)乌贼？
Neil: I will go for b) jellyfish. I’m no expert on marine life, but I have eaten jellyfish and I haven’t eaten the other ones.
我选b)海蜇。我不是海洋生物专家，但我吃过海蜇，没吃过其他两个。
Alice:
Oh, I see. Well, we’ll find out later on if you are an expert or not.
But let’s listen now to BBC reporter Roger Harrabin talking about other
types of threat to heritage sites. See how many you can spot!
好吧。稍后我们再看你是不是专家。我们来听听BBC记者罗杰·海拉宾所谈论的对遗产构成的各类威胁。看你能数出多少种！
The
most precious wonders of the natural world– Australia’s Great Barrier
Reef, America’s spectacular Grand Canyon, the Barrier Reef of Belize in
South America, second biggest on Earth – all facing threats from humans.
The Great Barrier Reef is attracting urgent concern. There’s a huge
battle over mining and port development. A giant coalmine has just been
given the go-ahead by the Queensland government even though scientists
warn it may damage the Reef.
自然界最珍贵的奇迹——澳大利亚大堡礁，美国壮观的大峡谷，世界第二大堡礁南美伯利兹堡礁——都面临着自人类的威胁。大堡礁的处境得到了人们的关注。矿业和港口的发展存在巨大争执。昆士兰政府着力优先开采大型煤矿，即便科学家告诫他们这会损害珊瑚礁。
Neil:
That’s the BBC’s Roger Harrabin. Well, I spotted a couple of threats to
heritage sites there – mining and port development. Now, any type of
industrial activity can harm them by, for example, encroaching on the
natural habitat of animals and plants living there, or by polluting the
water that flows into the site.
上述是BBC记者罗杰·海拉宾的看法。我听出两个威胁——采矿和港口的发展。任何形式的工业活动都会破坏遗产型景区，如侵占动植物自然栖息地，或污染的水源流入景区。
Alice:
Mining is the process of extracting coal or other minerals from the
ground, and if you encroach on something, it means you move beyond
acceptable limits. The interesting thing is that world heritage sites
only constitute 0.5% of the Earth’s surface – so why can’t people do
their mining and industrial development on the remaining 99. 5%!
采矿是指将煤或其他矿石从地面采出。侵犯某物，是指你的活动范围超出了可接受的范围。有意思的是全世界遗产类景观只占地球表面的0.5%。那为什么人们不能在剩下的99. 5%的土地上采矿，发展港口！
Neil: But there is one human industry that can actually be beneficial for precious sites: tourism.
但有一项产业对保护这些珍贵的景观有利：旅游业。
Alice: But you said earlier that tourism was bad for heritage sites.
但你之前说过旅游业不利于保护遗产。
Neil:
I know. And I was right, up to a point. World heritage sites are some
of tourism’s main attractions, and more and more people are visiting
them. So it’s all about getting the balance right between generating
money to maintain and restore the sites and minimizing the impact of
tourist activities.
我知道，在一定程度上我的是对的。世界遗产是旅游业中的主要景点，越来越多的人们前来参观。所以吸收资金维护和修缮景点和将旅游活动的影响降至最小，这二者之间要达到平衡。
Alice: Such as littering and graffiti.
例如乱扔垃圾，乱写乱画。
Neil:
Exactly. And the term for this is sustainable tourism – or tourism
designed to have a low impact on the local culture and the environment,
while generating employment for local people.
没错。有一个术语叫做可持续旅游，即对当地文化和环境产生较小影响的旅游，同时也会给当地居民创造就业机会。
Alice:
So UNESCO is working to direct governments, site managers and visitors
towards sustainable tourism practicesin order to keep our world’s
natural and cultural heritage safe for future generations.
所以联合国教科文组织试图引导政府，景点经营者，以及游客向可持续旅游发展，为我们的后代保护好大自然和文化遗产。
Neil:
Wow, you can really talk the talk, Alice. You should work for
UNESCO!OK, let’s move on now, and listen to Paul Crocombe, of the
Snorkelling and Diving Company in Townsville, Queensland, Australia,
giving his view on how the Great Barrier Reef will cope with threats to
its survival.
你说的头头是道。你应该为教科文组织工作！好了，我们继续说，来听听保罗·克罗科姆的看法，他在位于澳大利亚昆士兰汤斯维尔的Snorkelling and Diving Company公司工作，他会讲述大堡礁如何应对威胁，得以存活。
The
Reef’s fairly dynamic, it’s been through a couple of ice ages, and is
still here, so its resilience will ensure that the Reef is still here in
years to come. But the species diversity and the… the visual aesthetics
of the Reef may change quite considerably, especially if we get an
increase in sea temperature, an increase in carbon dioxide in the water,
and things like that.
珊瑚是非常有活力的，它们挺过冰河时期，仍然存在着，其强大的恢复力可以保证珊瑚年复一年的存在。但种类的多样性，以及视觉上的美感会发生很大的变化，尤其是当海水温度上升，水中的二氧化碳增加以及类似情形的出现。
Alice: Paul Crocombe describes the Reef as ’dynamic’ and ’resilient’.
保罗·克罗科姆认为珊瑚非常有活力，并且恢复力极强。
Neil:
Dynamic means active or capable of changing and resilience means the
ability to recover or adapt to change – which all sounds good. But Paul
also says that the species diversity – the range of plants and animals –
may change.
Dynamic是指活跃的，能够改变的，resilience是指适应改变，并得以恢复的能力。这听上去都很好。但保罗表示种类的多样性，也就是动植物的种类也许会发生改变。
Alice:
For example, a rise in sea temperature would cause a rise in carbon
dioxide levels – and this could have a big impact on both the species
diversity and the Reef’s visual aesthetic – or the way it looks.
例如，海水温度上涨，会造成二氧化碳含量增加，这会对珊瑚的物种多样性以及视觉美感产生影响，视觉审美也就是它看上去的样子。
Neil: OK, I think it’s time now for the answer to today’s quiz question, Alice.
好了，我觉得是时候公布今天问题的答案了。
Alice:
Yes, I think so too. OK, so, I asked you: Which sea creature poses a
potential threat to the Great Barrier Reef’s ecosystem? Is it a type of …
a) starfish, b) jellyfish or c) cuttlefish?
我也这么觉得。好了，我问你，哪种海洋生物会对大堡礁的生态系统造成威胁？a) 海星, b) 海蜇 还是 c) 乌贼？
Neil: And I said b) jellyfish.
我选的是 b) 海蜇。
Alice: And you got stung, I’m afraid, Neil!
恐怕你答错了！
Neil: Ouch!
天啊！
Alice:
The answer is starfish. The crown-of-thorns starfish preys on coral and
large outbreaks of these starfish can devastate reefs. Now, can you
remind us of some of today’s vocabulary, Neil?
正确答案是海星。棘冠星鱼会捕食珊瑚虫，大量的海星会摧毁珊瑚。你能帮我们回顾一下今天学到的单词吗？
Neil: Sure:
当然：
heritage
遗产
encroach on something
侵犯某物
sustainable tourism
可持续旅游
dynamic
有活力的
resilience
恢复力
species diversity
物种多样性
visual aesthetic
视觉美感
Alice: Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Don’t forget to join us again soon!
今天的英语六分钟就到这里了。请记得收听我们下期的节目。
Both: Bye!
