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外刊阅读20250203|为什么反复出现的梦通常是噩梦

考研英语外刊阅读  · 公众号  ·  · 2025-02-03 07:59

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Understanding these dynamics is essential as political leaders, such as Donald Trump, propose sweeping tariffs aimed at reshaping the U.S. economy.

了解这些动态非常重要,尤其对于像唐纳德·特朗普这样的政治领导人在 提出旨在重塑美国经济的大规模关税政策的背景下。



词数:415 words

难度:★★★☆☆

第1段

Why does it seem like the same dreams keep following us? Maybe you’ve dreamed of soaring like a bird since childhood, or you’ve recently started revisiting a particular place or time while asleep. Perhaps a bad day at work still stirs exam nightmares, even if you haven’t been a student for decades.


为什么我们总是做相同的梦?或许你从小就会梦到像鸟儿一样自由飞翔,或者最近在梦中常常回到某个熟悉的地方或时光。也许,即使你不做学生已经几十年了,但工作不顺的一天依然会让你做起考试的噩梦。

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1. stir

英/ stɜː(r) /美/ stɜːr /

v.搅拌,搅和(液体等物质);激发,打动;(情感)逐渐产生,萌发;(使)行动,活动;(使)微动;离开;<英,非正式>挑拨,惹是生非

n.搅动,搅拌;激动(情绪),愤怒(情绪);微动,颤动;轻微的感觉;监狱

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第2段

If so, you’re far from alone. Recurring dreams are a surprisingly common phenomenon: research shows that up to 75 percent of adults experience at least one during their lifetime. These dreams exist on a spectrum : sometimes they’re nearly identical each time they occur, but they may also have recurring themes, locations or characters set against different backdrops. This fluctuation sets recurring dreams apart from bad dreams triggered by post-traumatic stress disorder, a psychological condition in which people relive specific memories from their waking life with far less variation while asleep. Experts are still uncertain about why we experience recurring dreams at all, but new research is helping better identify patterns in their frequency and content, as well as in the scenarios that provoke them.


如果是这样,你并不孤单。反复发生的梦境出人意料的是一个很常见的现象:研究表明,高达75%的成年人在一生中至少会经历一次这样的梦境。这些梦境呈现出一种范围性的特征:有时它们每次发生时几乎一模一样,但也可能是反复出现的主题、场景或人物设定,只是背景有所不同。正是这种变化,使得反复梦境与由创伤后应激障碍引起的噩梦有所不同,后者是一种心理状态,患者在睡眠中重现清醒时生活中的特定记忆,而变化极小。专家们仍不确定为何我们会反复做同样的梦,但最新的研究有助于人们更好地识别这些梦境的频率、内容模式以及诱发它们的情境。

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1.spectrum

英/ ˈspektrəm /美/ ˈspektrəm /

n.范围,幅度;光谱;波谱,频谱;余象

2. fluctuation

英/ ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃ(ə)n /美/ ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn /

n.波动,起伏

3. post-traumatic

adj.受伤后的

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第3段

Recent studies have bolstered the long-held idea that recurring dreams are often—but not always—bad ones. In a 2022 survey by Michael Schredl, head of the sleep laboratory at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Germany, and his colleagues, adults flagged recurring dreams as “negatively toned” two thirds of the time; these dreams often touched on themes such as being chased or attacked, arriving somewhere late or failing at something. The participants’ positive recurring dreams, by contrast, involved themes such as flying or discovering a new room in their house.


近期的研究进一步支持了一个长期以来的观点,即反复发生的梦境往往(但不总是)是不好的。在2022年,德国中央精神卫生研究所睡眠实验室负责人迈克尔·施雷德尔及其同事进行的一项调查中,成年人表示反复发生的梦中约有三分之二的梦是“负面的”;这些梦境通常涉及追逐、遭遇攻击、迟到或做某事失败等主题。相反,参与者的积极的反复出现的梦则与飞行或在家中发现新房间等主题有关。

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1.bolstered

英/ ˈbəʊlstəd /美/ ˈboʊlstərd /

adj.支撑着的;加固的(bolster的过去分词)

2. recurring

英/ rɪˈkɜːrɪŋ /美/ rɪˈkɜːrɪŋ /

adj.反复出现,再次发生;循环小数的;经常性的

v.再发生,反复出现;(思考或讲话时)重新回到,反复提及(recur to);(小数)循环(recur 的现在分词)

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第4段

The reasons why we might have a greater propensity for negative dreams are not fully understood, but Schredl says dreams typically overdramatize something in our waking life—even a small feeling or minor situation we feel powerless to change. “In the dream, it becomes a much bigger emotion, although the connection isn’t always straightforward or obvious,” he explains.


人们并未完全理解为何我们更容易做负面的梦,但施雷德尔表示,梦境通常会夸大我们清醒时生活中的某些事情——即使是那些小情绪或者我们觉得无力改变的小情况。“在梦中,它变成了一种更强烈的情感,尽管这种联系并不总是直接或显而易见的,”他解释道。


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1.propensity

英/ prəˈpensəti /美/ prəˈpensəti /

n.<正式>倾向,习性

2. overdramatize

英/ ˌəʊvəˈdræmətaɪz /美/ oʊvərˈdræmətaɪz /

vt.过分夸大;过分戏剧性地表达

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第5段

Psychology and neuroscience offer additional clues. For example, we are prone to what’s known as negativity bias: a tendency to fixate more upon unpleasant thoughts, emotions or social interactions than on positive ones. This behavior is rooted in our subconscious need to resolve negative situations that threaten our survival. Negativity bias may be compounded in sleep because our dreaming brain dampens the areas associated with linear logic and activates portions associated with emotion, weakening the filter between our thoughts and our feelings.


心理学和神经科学提供了更多的线索。例如,我们容易受到所谓的负面偏见的影响:即我们倾向于更多地关注不愉快的想法、情绪或社交互动,而忽视积极的事物。这种行为根植于我们潜意识中需要解决威胁生存的负面情况的需求。 翻译划线句,在文末留言打卡,答案下期公布~

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1. neuroscience

英/ ˈnjʊərəʊsaɪəns /美/ ˈnʊroʊsaɪəns /

n.神经科学

2.b e prone to

很可能表现出某种特征,通常是负面的特征,或者受到某种不好的事物的影响,比如损害或疾病:指某人或某物有倾向或易受到某种特定的行为、情况或状况的影响。

3. fixate

英/ ˈfɪkseɪt /美/ ˈfɪkset /

v.(使)痴迷,依恋,固着于;使(人、性欲)在幼年时受压抑从而产生固着;注视

4. subconscious

英/ ˌsʌbˈkɒnʃəs /美/ ˌsʌbˈkɑːnʃəs /

adj.下意识的,潜意识的

n.下意识,潜意识

5. compound

英/ ˈkɒmpaʊnd /美/ ˈkɑːmpaʊnd /

n.混合物,化合物;复合词;大院,有围墙的场地

adj.复合的,混合的;以复利计算的

v.使加重,使恶化;合成,混合;以复利计算支付;和解,私了

6. dampen

英/ ˈdæmpən /美/ ˈdæmpən /

v.使潮湿,弄湿;减弱,抑制

7.linear

英/ ˈlɪniə(r) /美/ ˈlɪniər /

adj.直线的,线性的;长度的;连续的,连贯的;(关系)直接的,明显的

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本文节选自:Scientific American(科学美国人)

发布时间:2025.1.14

作者:Mind & Brain

原文标题:Why Are Recurring Dreams Usually Nightmares?

写作句总结

原句:This behavior is rooted in our subconscious need to resolve negative situations that threaten our survival.

结构:This X[Noun] is rooted in our Y [Noun] to Z [Verb] that [W].

XX植根于我们的XX,目的是为了XX的XX。

例句:A student’s academic success is rooted in their consistent efforts to acquire knowledge that prepares them for future challenges.







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