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外刊阅读20241225｜为什么有些人更容易生病？

考研英语外刊阅读 · 公众号 · · 2024-12-25 07:59

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上期划线句答案

For America’s colleges, recruiting more rural students could be one way to diversify their campuses in the wake of a Supreme Court ban on race-conscious admissions.

对于美国的大学来说，在最高法院禁止种族意识招生后，招募更多来自农村的学生可能成为校园多元化的一个途径。

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本期内容

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双语阅读

Para.1

Everyone gets sick. Despite all the vegetables we eat or vitamins we gulp down , sooner or later pathogens such as viruses and harmful bacteria infiltrate our bodies, and we need to take a time-out . We sit back and let our immune system do its job. But when it comes to getting sick, not all immune systems are equal. Some people seem to get sick much more often than others. One could easily conclude that these individuals—such as elementary school teachers or hospital workers—are merely exposed to sick people more often. But susceptibility to illness isn’t as simple as the odds of being exposed to someone with a cold. Each person gets sick differently.

每个人都会生病。尽管我们吃了大量的蔬菜，或者吞了各种维生素，但迟早，病毒和有害细菌等病原体会侵入我们的身体，我们需要休息一下。我们坐下来，静待免疫系统发挥作用。然而，在生病这件事上，并不是所有的免疫系统都一样。有些人似乎比别人更容易生病。人们很容易得出这样的结论：这些人——比如小学教师或医院工作人员——只是接触到病人的频率更高。然而，容易生病并不像单纯接触感冒病人那么简单。每个人的生病方式都不同。

1. gulp down

狼吞虎咽

2. pathogen

英/ ˈpæθədʒən /美/ ˈpæθədʒən /

n.病原体，致病菌

3. infiltrate

英/ ˈɪnfɪltreɪt /美/ ˈɪnfɪltreɪt /

v.（尤指为获取秘密情报而）渗透，渗入（组织、场所等）；（肿瘤、细胞等）浸润（组织，器官）；（液体）渗入；（某种特性缓慢地）透入，渗透

n.（医学）浸润物

4. time-out

英/ ˌtaɪm ˈaʊt /

n.休息时间，暂停

5. sit back

舒服地坐下；袖手旁观

6. susceptibility

英/ səˌseptəˈbɪləti /美/ səˌseptəˈbɪləti /

n.易受影响（或伤害等）的特性；感情脆弱之处，情感的要害（susceptibilities）；（物理）磁化率，电极化率

Para.2

Moreover, people recover differently. Not everyone returns to their baseline level of health after the flu or COVID. The biology behind why and how some people get sick more often than others is still largely unknown. But a paper published in 2023 in Nature Communications shines a light on the components of immune resilience —the ability to restore immune functions that stave off diseases and control inflammation caused by infectious diseases, as well as other sources of inflammation.

此外，人们恢复的情况也不同。不是每个人在经历流感或新冠后都会恢复到原本的健康水平。有些人比其他人更容易生病的生物学原因及方式仍然不完全清楚。然而，2023年发表在《自然通讯》上发表的一篇文章揭示了免疫抗性的组成成分——免疫抗性指的是免疫功能恢复的能力，这些功能可以抵御疾病、控制由传染病引起的炎症以及其他炎症源。

1. baseline

英/ ˈbeɪslaɪn /美/ ˈbeɪslaɪn /

n.基线，基准；（网球场、排球场等场地的）底线；（棒球场的）垒线；（印刷）基线；（篮球、网球等场地的）底线

2. shine a light on

揭示，揭露

3. resilience

英/ rɪˈzɪliəns /美/ rɪˈzɪliəns /

n.恢复力，复原力；（橡胶等的）弹性

4. stave off

挡开，避开；推迟，延缓

5. inflammation

英/ ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n /美/ ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn /

n.发炎，炎症

Para.3

Why are some people more susceptible to getting sick? In general, one would consider three main factors. One would be genetic susceptibility: you’re born with a genetic predisposition to becoming infected more easily. You could have inborn errors, such as polymorphisms in genes that are well described for host immunity.

为什么有些人更容易生病？总的来说，需要考虑三个主要因素。其一是基因易感性：你天生就有更容易受到感染的基因倾向。你可能天生就存在某些基因错误，例如在已充分理清的宿主免疫相关基因中存在多态性。

1. polymorphism

英/ ˌpɒlɪˈmɔːfɪz(ə)m /美/ ˌpɑːlɪˈmɔːrˌfɪzəm /

n.多态性；多形性；同质多晶

Para.4

Second would be environments where there’s a heavy burden of infection. If you look at our ancestors , a lot of them passed away by the time they were in their 50s because they had a greater antigenic load [the amount of inflammatory stress an infection causes] before there were vaccines, higher living standards and better sanitation .

第二个因素是生活环境中感染压力大。翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~

1. ancestor

英/ ˈænsestə(r) /美/ ˈænsestər /

n.祖先，祖宗；（动植物）原种；原型，雏形

2. pass away

去世；消失

3. antigenic

英/ ˈæntɪdʒenɪk /美/ ˈæntɪdʒenɪk /

adj.抗原的

4. sanitation

英/ ˌsænɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n /美/ ˌsænɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n /

n.公共卫生，环境卫生；下水道设施，卫生设备

Para.5

外刊阅读20241225｜为什么有些人更容易生病？

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