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笔记电子版：
外刊链接：
食用指南
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原文：绿色—输入项 （阅读生词、搭配）；粉红—输出项（写作、口语）
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笔记：红色—生词；粉色—地道搭配；绿色—例句；橘色—复习；写作—针对雅思、拖福、四六级、考研等各类英语考试的写作亮点表达
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读完笔记后，可以回头读原文段落，看是否能流畅阅读，检测自己的掌握情况
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所有的解释、词伙、例句搭配来自于牛津高阶英汉词典OALD、Collins双解词典、麦克米伦词典macmillan Dictionary 等
特别活动
Face recognition
人脸识别
Nowhere to hide
无处躲藏
Facial recognition is not just another technology. It will change
society
人脸识别不只是另一种技术。它将改变社会
THE human face is
a
remarkable
piece of work
.The
astonishing variety of
facial features helps people recognise each other and
is crucial to
the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an
involuntary blush
or the
artifice
of a
false
smile. People spend much of their
waking lives
, in the office and the courtroom
as well as
the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and
deceit.
They also spend plenty of time trying to
dissimulate
.
-
1.
作笼统的“社会”解，不带冠词。
*a danger to society
社会隐患
*wome
n's place in society
妇女的社会地位
*One beacon of sanity is all society needs.
一座清醒的灯塔，就是社会所需的一切。
*Americans are increasingly alienated from society and from each other.
美国人越来越脱离社会和互相脱离。
-
2.
但是如果前面加上形容词呢？就要看加上哪一类的形容词。原则上，加了任何形容词，就要按照情况加上定冠词
th
e
或是不定冠词
a
。
*a pluralistic society
一个多元的社会
* the consumer society
消费社会。
-
3.
但是，如果加了形容词后，整个概念是人们熟悉的，就可以仍然不加冠词。
*Western society
西方社会
*ancient society
古代社会
*human society
人类社会
* modern society
现代社会。
-
4.
以国家或民族为形容词的，可以加上也可以不加上
the
，
Chinese society
与
the Chinese society
均可。马克思主义社会发展史的几个阶段的社会，可能由于有创新性，通常都要加上冠词。
*the capitalist society
资本主义社会
*the socialist society
社会主义社会
-
a / some piece ofwork
(NAmE, informal) used to express the fact that you admire sb or find them amusing, often when they have done sth that surprises you
了不起的人；与众不同的人
*You're some piece of work, Jack, do you know that?
你知道吗
，杰克？你真了不起。
-
astonishing variety of sth
纷繁各异的
…
-
[
扩展
]
variety
还可以用
amazing,astonishing, bewildering, considerable, endless,fascinating
等形容。
*The market sold a bewildering variety of cheeses.
市场上的奶酪种类繁多。
-
be crucial to sth
对…至关重要
*Secrecy is crucial to this police operation.
保密对这次警方行动至关重要。
[
写作
]
-
1.
an involuntary movement, sound, reaction etc is one that you make suddenly and without intending to because you cannot control yourself
〔动作、声音、反应等〕无意识做出的，非故意的
*When Willie tapped on a window, Miguel gave an involuntary jump.
威利敲了敲窗户，米格尔下意识地跳了起来。
-
2.
happening without the person concerned wanting it to
非自愿的；非本意的
*the involuntary repatriation of immigrants
对移民的强制性遣返
*involuntary childlessness
出于无奈的无子女状况
-
1.
to become red in the face, usually because you are embarrassed
〔因难为情而〕脸红
*Wilson saw she was watching him and blushed.
威尔逊看到她在注视着自己，不由得脸红了。
*Joan blushed at the unexpected compliment.
这意外的夸奖让琼脸红了。
*Kate blushed scarlet.
凯特满脸绯红。
-
2.
to feel ashamed or embarrassed about something
感到羞愧（尴尬）
-
blush to do sth
*I blush to admit that I haven't read “The Old Curiosity Shop”.
我都不好意思承认，我没有看过《老古玩店》。
-
1.[U]
the use of clever tricks to deceive someone
狡诈，施谋用计
=cunning
-
2.[C]
a trick used to d
eceive someone
诡计
*Weegee's photographs are full of artfulness, and artifice.
维基的摄影作品运用了丰富的艺术手段和技巧。
-
false
[fɒls] adj.
not sincere or honest, and pretending to have feelings thatyou do not really have
不真诚的
;
不诚实的
;
装腔作势的
*She'sso false.
她很假。
*'You played brilliantly.' 'Not really,' Ian replied with false modesty .
“
你弹得真好。
”“
哪里。
”
伊恩故作谦虚地答道。
*She flashed him a false smile of congratulation.
她向他虚情假意地微微一笑表示祝贺。
-
waking hours /life / day etc
all the time when you are awake
醒着的时刻
/
生活
/
日子等
*His face haunted her every waking moment!
他的面容总在她心中萦绕！
-
as well (as sb/sth)
in addition to sb / sth; too
除…之外；也；还
*Are they coming as well?
他们也来吗？
*They sell books as well as newspapers.
他们既卖报也卖书。
*She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.
她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才的音乐家。
-
[
注意
]
-
1.
as well as
跟
and
不同，也跟
not only...but (also)...
不同，
A as well as B=not only B but also A
，作“不独
B
，而且
A
”解。
as well as
后面的一个概念
(B)
通常是已知的或是作为衬托的，重点往往在前一个概念上
(A)
。
I am a Chinese, but I have foreign friends as well as Chinese friends
是通的，
I am a Chinese, but I have Chinese friends as well as foreign friends
却讲不通。再比如（注意例句的中文翻译）：
*He gave me clothes as well as food.
他给了我食物还给了衣服。
*I can't carry his bags as well as my own.
我拿了自己的箱子，就拿不了他的。
*t has symbolic as well as economic significance.
它既有经济意义，也有象征意义。
-
2.
A, B, aswell as C
是不该用的，而应该说
A and B as well as C
.
如不该说
I read French, German, as well as English
“我不仅读英语，而且读法语和德语”该说
I read French and German as well as English
。
-
3
．
as well as
是连接词，不是介词，如不可说
He advised me as well as answering my question
，该把
answering
改作
answered
。
He is a painter, engineer, and poet as well as being a sculptor
里的
being
该删去。
-
4
．
both...as well as...
是错误的，绝对不可用。
-
5
．
not only...but...as well
有人用，但不及
not only...but also..
.
或
not only...but...
普遍。
-
deceit
[dɪˈsiːt] n.
dishonest behaviour that is intended to make sb believe sth that is not true; an example of this behaviour
欺骗，欺诈（行为）；诡计
=deception
*deliberate / calculated / outright deceit
故意的
/
蓄意的
/
彻头彻尾的欺骗
*He was accused of lies and deceit.
他被指控撒谎和欺诈。
*Everyone was involved in this web of deceit.
所有人都牵涉到这起诈骗勾当之中了。
*Their marriage was an illusion and a deceit
.
他们的婚姻是虚假的，不真实的。
-
deceitful
[dɪˈsiːtf(ə)l] adj.
someone who is deceitful tells lies in order to get what they want
欺骗的，撒谎的
*They claimed the government had been deceitful...
他们声称政府一直存心欺骗。
*The ambassador called the report deceitful and misleading.
大使指称那份报告具有欺骗性和误导性。
*His manner was sly and deceitful.
他的态度诡诈而又不老实。
-
dissimulate
[dɪˈsɪmjʊleɪt] v.
When people dissimulate, they hide their true feelings, intentions, or nature
掩盖，掩饰（情感或动机）
*This man was too injured to dissimulate well...
这个人受伤严重，无法完全遮掩住。
*They were decked out in tracksuits, seemingly to dissimulate their true function.
他们都穿着田径服，似乎想掩饰他们的真实职能。
-
simulate
[ˈsɪmjʊleɪt] v.
-
1.
to pretend that you have a particular feeling
假装；冒充；装作
=feign
*I tried to simulate surprise at the news.
听到这个消息后，我竭力装出一副吃惊的样子。
-
2.
to create particular conditions that exist in real life using computers, models, etc., usually for study or training purposes
（用计算机或模型等）模拟
*Computer software can be used to simulate conditions on the sea bed.
计算机软件可用于模拟海底状况。
-
3.
to be made to look like sth else
模仿；冒充
*a gas heater that simulates a coal fire
模仿煤炉的煤气暖炉
[
扩展
]
人类的脸是一件杰作。面部特征之纷繁各异令人惊叹，它让人们能相互辨认，也是形成复杂社会群体的关键。人脸传递情感信号的功能也同样重要，无论是通过下意识的脸红还是有技巧的假笑。人们在清醒时花费大量时光研读一张张面孔——在办公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在卧室，寻找着兴趣、敌意、信任和欺骗的迹象。他们也花大把的时间试图掩饰自己的神色。
Technology is rapidly
catching up with
the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to track
worshippers’
attendance; in Britain, by retailers to
spot
past
shoplifters.
This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it
verifies
the identities of
ride-hailing
drivers, permits tourists to enter
attractions
and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the home screen.
-
1.
to improve and reach the same standard as other people in your class, group etc
赶上（同班、同组等其他人的水平）
*If you miss a lot of classes, it's very difficult to catch up.
如果你缺了很多课，就很难赶上。
~ with
*At the moment our technology is more advanced, but other countries are catching up with us.
目前我们的技术比较先进，但是其他国家正在赶上来。
-
2.
to come from behind and reach someone in front of you by going faster
追上，赶上（前面的人）
~ with
*Drive faster–they're catching up with us
.
开快点，他们要赶上我们了。
catch sb up
(BrE)
*You go on ahead. I'll catch you up in a minute.
你先走，我稍后就追上你。
-
3.
to do what needs to be done because you have not been able to do it until now
赶做，补做
~on
*I have some work to catch up on.
我还有一些工作要赶着做。
*I need to catch up on some sleep (=after a period without enough sleep) .
我需要补充些睡眠。
-
4.
to spend time finding out what has been happening while you have been away orduring the time you have not seen someone
打听（不在时所发生的事情）
~ on
*When I got home I phoned Jo to catch up on all the gossip.
我回家后就给乔打电话，打听所有的小道消息。
*I'll leave you two alone – I'm sure you've got a lot of catching up to do.
你们两
个
单独呆着吧，你们肯定有很多话要说。
-
5.
be/get caught up in sth
to be or get involved in something, especially something bad
被卷入某事，陷入某事（尤指坏事）
*I didn't want to get caught up in endless petty arguments.
我可不想卷入这无休止的鸡毛蒜皮的争吵中。
-
[
经济学人
.The world’s most valuable resource]
To keep them in check, antitrust rules must
catch up
.
要约束它们，反垄断法规需要与时俱进。
-
[
经济学人
. Automatic for the people]
But it may not be long before others
catch up.
但说不定不久之后，其他人也会迎头赶上。
-
worshipper
n.
(NAmE also
worshiper
)
a person who worships God or a god
崇拜上帝
（或神
）的人；做礼拜的人；敬神者；拜神者
*regular worshippers at St Andrew's Church
经常到圣安德肋教堂做礼拜的人
*(figurative) sun worshippers lying on the beach
躺在海滩上晒太阳的人们
-
spot
v.
to notice someone or something, especially when they are difficult to see or recognize
发现
;
注意到
;
看出，认出
*I spotted a police car behind us.
我发现有辆警车在我们后面。
*It can be hard for even a trained doctor to spot the symptoms of lung cancer.
即使是训练有素的医生也很难看出肺癌的症状。
spot sb doing sth
*Meg spotted someone coming out of the building.
梅格看到有个人从大楼里出来。
difficult / easy to spot
*Drug addicts are fairly easy to spot.
吸毒成瘾的人是很容易看出来的。
spot that
*One of the station staff spotted that I was in difficulty, and came to help.
一位车站工作人员看到我有困难，就过来帮忙。
[
注意
]
spot
指看见、看出，尤指突然发现或注意到
-
shoplift
[ˈʃɒplɪft] v.
If someone shoplifts, they steal goods from a shop by hiding them in a bag or in their clothes.
在商店行窃
*He openly shoplifted from a supermarket.
他公然在超市偷窃。
*They had shoplifted thousands of dollars' worth of merchandise.
他们已经偷了商店价值好几千美元的商品。
-
shoplifter
n.
行窃者
*Shoplifters will be prosecuted.
在本店行窃者必究。
*a shoplifter in court for stealing a bottle of perfume.
因偷窃一瓶香水而出庭受审的商店扒手
-
verify
[ˈverɪfaɪ] v.(formal)
-
1.
to discover whether something is correct or true
核对，核实
verify that / whether
*A computer program verifies that the system is working.
计算机程序可以核查系统是否在运行。
*American forces will remain to verify compliance with the treaty.
美国军队将继续驻留，核查条约是否得到遵守。
-
2.
to state that something is true
证明，证实
= confirm
*His statement was verified by several witnesses.
他的说法得到了几位证人的证实。
-
verifiable
adj.
*a verifiable fact
可核实的事实
-
verification
n. [C,U]
*automatic signature verification
自动签名验证
*All charges against her are dropped pending the verification of her story.
在她的事情核实之前，所有针对她的指控都已撤回。
-
ride-hailingdrivers
网约车司机
-
hail
[heɪl] v.
If you hail a taxi, you wave at it in order to stop it because you want the driver to take you somewhere.
*I hurried away to hail a taxi/cab.
我赶紧去叫出租车。
[
一词多义
]
-
attraction
[əˈtrækʃən] n.[C]
something interesting or enjoyable to see or do
吸引人之物，有魅力之物，诱惑物
*The beautiful beaches are the island's
main attraction
(=most popular place, activity etc) .
美丽的海滩是这个岛最吸引人的地方。
-
tourist attraction
( = a place that many tourists visit )
旅游景点
-
[
扩展
]
tourist destination
旅游目的地
tourist resort
旅游胜地
科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力。在美国，教堂使用人脸识别来追踪教徒做礼拜的出席情况；在英国，零售商用它来辨认有扒窃前科的顾客。今年，威尔士警方利用人脸识别在足球场外逮捕了一名嫌疑犯。在中国，人脸识别被用于验证网约车司机的身份、让游客刷脸进景点、让顾客微微一笑就能刷脸买单。苹果的新款
iPhone
预计将用这一技术来解锁屏幕。
Set against
human skills, such applications might seem
incremental.
Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to
encode
them. Although faces
are peculiar to
individuals, they are also public, so technology does not,
at first sight, intrude on
something that is private.
And yet
the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and
on a vast scale
promises one day to
bring about
fundamental changes
to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.
-
1.
If one argument or fact is set against another, it isconsidered in relation to i
t.
把…和…作比较；把…对照…来看
*These are relatively small points when setagainst her expertise on so many other issues.
和她在许多其他方面的专业知识相比，这些相对来说都不算什么。
*£5,000 was aconsiderable sum in those days and particularly when set against the maximumwage.
在当时
5,000
英镑是相当大的一笔数目，特别是和最高工资相比。
-
2.
To set one person against another means to cause themto become enemies or rivals
.
使…与…对立（或作对、竞争）
*The case has setneighbour against neighbour in the village.
这件事使得村里邻里间反目成仇。
-
[
句式
]
Set against A, B …
B … when set against A
（对比句）
-
1.
[usually before noun] increasing in amount or value graduallyand by a regular amount
〔定额〕增长的
*incremental pay scales
递增的工资等级
-
2.
happening gradually over time
逐渐的，逐步的
*MrKennedy said that progress on reforms would be incremental.
肯尼迪先生说改革的进程将逐步进行。
*a process ofincremental change
逐步改变的过程
-
1.
a regular increase in the amount of money someone is paid
〔薪金的〕定期增长
*a salary of
￡
18,000, with
annual increments
of 2.5%
薪水为
18,000
英镑，每年增加
2.5%
-
2.
(formal) the amount by which a number, value, or amount increases
〔数字、价值或数量的〕增加额
-
encode
v.
If you encode a message or some information, you put it into a code or express it in a different form or system of language.
给
…
加密；将
…
译成密码
*The two parties encode confidential data in a form that is not directly readable by the other party...
双方将机密资料加密，这样对方就无法直接读取资料。
*We compared the human mind to a computer which actively seeks information to process, encodes it and stores it for future use.
我们将人脑比作一台计算机，它主动寻找需要处理的信息，对其进行加密，并存储起来以便将来使用。
-
be peculiar to sb /sth
if something is peculiar to a particular person, place, or situation, it is a feature that only belongs to that person or only exists in that place or situation
为某人
/
某事物所特有
*The problem of racism
is not peculiar to
this country.
种族歧视问题并不只是这个国家才有。
*The problem is by no means peculiar to America.
这个问题绝对不只限于美国。
*a species of bird peculiar to Asia
亚洲独有的鸟类
-
at first glance /sight
the first time that you look at someone or something,before you notice any details
乍一看，最初看到时
*At first glance the twins look identical.
这对双胞胎乍一看一模一样。
*At first sight, there didn't appear to be much damage.
乍一看，似乎损失不太大。
-
intrude
[ɪnˈtruːd] v.
-
1.
~ (into / on /upon sb / sth)
to interrupt someone or become involved in their private affairs in an annoying and unwanted way
打扰
;
干涉〔别人的私事，令对方不快〕
*Would I be intruding if I came with you?
我要是和你一起去，会不会打扰你？
*Employers should not intrude into the private lives of their employees.
雇主不应干涉雇员的私生活。
-
2.
~ (on / into /upon sth)
to come into a place or situation, and have an unwanted effect
闯入
;
侵扰
*It is to be hoped that TV cameras never intrude on this peaceful place.
希望电视摄像机永远不要打扰这个世外桃源。
-
yet / and yet
despite what has just been said
但是；然而
*He has a good job, and yet he never seems to have any money.
他有份好工作，然而他却好像总也没有钱。
-
on a vast / grand/ considerable / massive / huge / large scale
大规模
*There has been housing development
on a massive scale
since 1980.
自
1980
年以来一直在大规模地进行住宅开发。
*They entertain
ona large scale
(= they hold expensive parties with a lot of guests).
他们大宴宾客。
*Here was corruption
on a grand scale
.
这里的腐败现象曾十分严重。
-
bring sth
↔
about
To bring something about means to cause it to happen.
导致；引起
*The only way they can bring about political change is by putting pressure on thecountry.
要使该国进行政治变革，唯一的办法就是向其施压。
[
复习
]
-
fundamental change / difference / distinction / shift etc
根本性的变革
/
区别
/
差异
/
转变
*a fundamental difference in opinion
看法的根本区别
*A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required.
公共医疗在组织上需要有一个根本性的变革。
与人类的技能相比，这样的应用看似只是锦上添花。飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力，而人脸识别似乎只是对面孔进行编码。尽管人的面孔为个人独有，但也是公开的，因此乍看起来，技术并没有侵犯隐私之嫌。但是，低成本、快速、大量地记录、存储和分析人脸图像的能力终有一天会使隐私、公平和信任等观念发生根本性的改变。
The final frontier
终极战线
Start with
privacy. One big difference between faces and other
biometric data
, such as fingerprints, is that they work
at a distance.
Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use. FindFace, an app in Russia,compares
snaps
of strangers with pictures on VKontakte, a social network, and can identify people
with a 70% accuracy rate.
Facebook’s
bank
of facial images cannot b
e scraped by
others, but the Silicon Valley
giant
could obtain pictures of
visitors to
a car showroom, say, and later use facial recognition to
serve
them ads for cars. Even if private firms are unable to join the dots between images and identity,
the state
often can. China’s government keeps a record of its citizens’ faces; photographs of half of America’s adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI.
Law-enforcement agencies
now have a powerful weapon in their ability to track criminals, but
at
enormous potential
cost
to
citizens’ privacy.
-
the final frontier
这一小标题借用了
Star Trek
（译作星际旅行）
的第五部
the final frontier
（译作终极先锋）
的名字。
-
start by/with sth
If you
start by
doing something, or if you
start with
something, you do that thing first in a series of actions.
（从…）开始；（从…）手
*I started by asking how many day-care centers were located in the United States...
我一开始先问了问美国有多少所日托中心。
*He started with a good holiday in Key West, Florida.
他先去佛罗里达的基韦斯特岛度了个愉快的假期。
-
biometric data
生物特征资料
-
at/from a distance
If you are
at adistance
from something, or if you see it or remember it
from a distance
,you are a long way away from it in space or time.
在远处；相距遥远；久远地；
*At a distance it is difficult to make out the detail on the building.
从远处难以看清建筑物的细节部份。
* She had loved him at a distance for years.
她曾经暗暗爱了他好多年。
-
snap
[snæp]
-
n.[C]
(informal) A snapis a photograph.
照片
*a snap my mother took last year.
我母亲去年拍的照片
-
v.
If you snap someone or something, you take a photograph of them.
给
…
拍照
*He was the first ever non-British photographer to be invited to snap a royal.
他是有史以来第一个应邀为王室成员拍照的非英籍摄影师。
[
熟词僻义
]
-
with a … accuracy rate
准确率达
….
-
bank
[bæŋk] n.
an amount of sth that is collected; a place where sth is stored ready for use
库存；库
*a bank of knowledge
知识宝库
*a blood / sperm bank
血
/
精液库
*databank
数据库，资料库
-
giant
[ˈdʒaɪənt] n.[C]
a very large and powerful organization
大公司；强大的组织
*the multinational oil giants
跨国大石油公司
*technology/tech giants
科技巨头
[复习
]
-
visitors to …
去…的游客
*Rina is a frequent visitor to the city.
里娜是这个城市的常客。
*visitors to the museum
去博物馆参观的人
-
visitors from…
来自…的游客
*visitors from overseas
海外来客
*The other day we had some visitors from Switzerland.
前几天我们接待了几位来自瑞士的参观者。
-
the state
n. [sing., U]
the government or political organization of a country
政府
*The state has allocated special funds for the emergency.
政府已为紧急状况拨出专款。
*The state does not collect enough revenue to cover its expenditure.
该国政府入不敷出。
*Eastern Europe shows that worker-owned factories can be as inefficient as state-owned ones.
东欧的经验表明，工人所有的工厂可能和国有工厂一样效率低下。
-
[
扩展
]
在英文中，与中文
“
国家
”
一词相近的词至少有四个是比较常用的：
economy
是从经济角度讲的
“
国家
”
，
state
是从政治体制和国家机器讲的
“
国家
”
，
country
是从地缘角度讲的
“
国家
”
，
nation
是从民族讲的
“
国家
”
。
-
law-enforcement agencies
执法机关
law-enforcement officials
执法官员
*We need to restore respect for the law-enforcement agencies.
我们需要重塑执法机构的声望。
-
cost
n.[C,U]
something that you lose, give away, damage etc in order to achieve something
代价
；
牺牲
-
at (a) cost to sb
*She had kept her promise to Christine, but at what cost to herself?
她对克里斯蒂娜兑现了诺言，但自己又付出了怎样的代价？
*He worked non-stop for three months, at considerable cost to his health.
他连续不断地工作了三个月，极大地损害了自己的身体健康。
social/ environmental etc cost
*
They need to weigh up the costs and benefits
(=disadvantages and advantages)
of regulation
.
他们需要权衡一下规章制度的利弊。
*He's determined towin, whatever the cost
(=no matter how much work, money, risk etc is needed)
.
他决心不惜一切代价也要获胜。
*We must avoid a scandal at all costs.
(=whatever happens).
我们必须不惜任何代价避免丑闻。
先说隐私。人脸相比指纹等其他生物特征数据的一个巨大区别就是它们能够远距离起作用。人们只要有手机就可以拍下照片，供人脸识别程序使用。俄罗斯的一款应用
FindFace
抓拍陌生人的照片与社交网络
VKontakte
上的照片比对，识别人的准确率达
70%
。
Facebook
的面部图片库不能被其他人提取，但是，举个例子，这家硅谷巨头可以获得汽车展厅内到访者的照片，然后使用人脸识别技术在自己的网站上找到这些人，向他们发送汽车广告。即使私人公司无法将照片和身份联系起来，国家往往可以做到。中国政府有公民的面部记录；美国半数成年人口的照片储存在数据库中，可供
