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外刊阅读20240706｜好文分享：科研界的“难两全”

考研英语外刊阅读 · 公众号 · · 2024-07-06 07:59

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词数：405 words

难度：★★★★☆

小贴士：

大家周末愉快！记得复习本周笔记哦~

——大橙子留

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上期划线句答案

Researchers also noticed that sharp-wave ripples tend to occur during deep sleep as well as during waking hours, and that those bursts during slumber seem to be particularly important for transforming short-term knowledge into long-term memories.

研究人员还观察到，尖波波纹不仅在深睡眠期间发生，而且在清醒状态下也会出现，而在睡眠期间突发的波纹似乎对将短期知识转化为长期记忆尤为重要。

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本期内容

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双语阅读

Para.1

What we see here is a crisis caused by bad incentives. Publishers charge anywhere from $1,000 to $12,000 for publishing a single open-access article. Every time the publisher rejects a submission , they lose potential revenue. This creates a strong economic incentive to lower the quality standards — a temptation that many publishers cannot resist.

眼下，我们所面临的危机源于不良激励。各大出版商发布一篇可开放获取的文章收费从1000美元至12000美元不等。每拒绝一篇投稿，出版商就失去了潜在的收益。这种情况产生了降低质量标准的强烈的经济动机——这种诱惑很多出版商都难以抵挡。

1. submission

英/ səbˈmɪʃn /

美/ səbˈmɪʃ(ə)n /

n.屈服，投降；提交，呈递；提交的文件，呈递材料；<法律>（向法官提出的）看法，意见；<正式> 意见，建议；<古> 谦恭，温顺；（摔跤）制服

Para.2

At the same time, the most important “productivity metrics” that advance the careers of scientists are the number of articles they publish and the citations those articles get. The peer-review process that is supposed to filter for quality relies on the pro-bono work of other busy scientists who have little to gain by being thorough and often lack access to the data and code necessary to check the authors’ claims. Add the rise of artificial intelligence and the lack of incentives for scientists to replicate the publications of others, and we have the conditions for a perfect storm aimed straight at the legitimacy of the scientific enterprise.

与此同时，推动科学家职业发展的最重要的“生产力指标”是他们发表的文章数量及其被引次数。翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~ 再加上人工智能的兴起及科学家缺乏复制他人研究成果的动机，这一切共同促成了一场直指科学事业合理性的完美风暴。

1. citation

英/ saɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n /

美/ saɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n /

n.引文，引语；传唤，传票；表彰，嘉奖状；引用，引证

2. pro-bono

英/ ˌprəʊ ˈbəʊnəʊ /

美/ ˌproʊ ˈboʊnoʊ /

为公益而免费提供的：指专业人士（尤其是律师）为了公众利益而无偿提供的。

3. legitimacy

英/ lɪˈdʒɪtɪməsi /

美/ lɪˈdʒɪtɪməsi /

n.合法性，合理性

4. filter

英/ ˈfɪltə(r) /

美/ ˈfɪltər /

n.过滤器；滤光器，滤声器，滤波器；过滤程序，过滤软件；（指示车辆转弯的）分流指示灯

v.过滤；渗入，透过；（消息、信息等）慢慢传开，走漏；缓慢进入，陆续步入；（车辆）看到分流指示灯的信号后转弯；（用程序）筛选

Para.3

Cosmetic changes, such as checklists by journals or ethics declarations , are not sufficient to overcome these fundamental problems. Instead, we must rethink how science is being incentivized, funded, practiced and shared with the public from first principles. The stakes couldn’t be higher: If we can’t trust science, how else are we going to make progress?

例如期刊的清单或道德声明等表面上的改变，不足以解决这些根本性问题。相反，我们必须从基本原则上重新思考科学的激励、资助、实践和与公众分享的方式。赌注不可谓不高：如果我们不能信任科学，我们还能怎么取得进步呢？

1. cosmetic

英/ kɒzˈmetɪk /

美/ kɑːzˈmetɪk /

adj.装门面的，表面的；化妆用的，美容的；整容的；不重要的，没意义的

n.化妆品，美容品

2. declaration

英/ ˌdekləˈreɪʃ(ə)n /

美/ ˌdekləˈreɪʃn /

n.声明，表白；申报（单）；（板球）对一赛局结束的宣布；公告，宣告

3. sufficient

英/ səˈfɪʃ(ə)nt /

美/ səˈfɪʃ(ə)nt /

adj.足够的，充足的；（理由、条件）充足的，充分的

4. stake

英/ steɪk /

美/ steɪk /

n.股本，股份；桩，标桩，篱笆桩；赌注；赛马奖金（stakes）；比赛，竞赛（stakes）；利害关系；火刑柱；（制作篮子的）纵向基杆，经条；（铁匠用的）小铁砧；摩门主教管辖区

v.拿…...冒险，以…...打赌；用桩支撑；<美，非正式>资助，帮助

Para.4

Yes, “science must fight back” against fraud in scientific papers, as Adam Marcus and Ivan Oransky suggest in their recent op-ed . But it must somehow do so without crippling the open-access effort to make those publications freely available to all. For three centuries, the international science enterprise evolved based largely on well-curated paper publications. Eventually, the burden of subscription costs to the ever-increasing number of published journals effectively sequestered the reports of science’s progress in well-funded university libraries. For many within and outside science, that meant unacceptably — undemocratically — closed access.

是的，正如亚当·马库斯和伊万·奥兰斯基在最近的专栏文章中所提出的，面对科学论文中的欺诈问题，“科学必须反击”。然而，它必须在不妨碍开放获取努力的前提下进行，使这些出版物对所有人免费可用。三个世纪以来，国际科学事业的发展主要是基于精心策划的论文出版物。最终，随着出版期刊数量的不断增加，订阅费用的负担有效地把科学进展的报告隔离在资金充裕的大学图书馆中。对许多科学界内外人士来说，这意味着不可接受地、不民主地关闭了获取渠道。

1. op-ed

英/ ˌɒp ˈed /

美/ ˌɑːp ˈed /

abbr.（美）（报纸的）专栏版，特写稿版（opposite editorial page）

2. crippling

英/ ˈkrɪplɪŋ /

美/ ˈkrɪplɪŋ /

adj.造成严重后果的

v.削弱（cripple的ing形式）；使受损

n.残缺的东西；有缺陷的事物

3. sequestered

英/ sɪˈkwestəd /

美/ sɪˈkwestərd /

v.扣押；隔离；（使）隔绝；多价螯和（sequester 的过去式及过去分词）

adj.隐蔽的，与世隔绝的；僻静的

Para.5

That’s why it’s deeply problematic to contemplate retiring “the pay-for-play business model that, by charging researchers to publish their work, has the effect of putting the veneer of legitimacy up for sale.” The problem is that model figures centrally in the effort to achieve open access. That’s why the op-ed stipulated that retiring the author-pays model would be “painful.” Open access and the fight against fakery are intertwined information-age challenges for science. Defeating this fakery epidemic is crucial. So is maintaining open access.

外刊阅读20240706｜好文分享：科研界的“难两全”

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