罗尔斯 | 政治讨论的一项准则

想当国师的哲学家 · 公众号 · · 2024-05-30 17:31

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政治讨论的一项准则

本文转载自公众号“学术与思想”

The political discussion aims to reach reasonable agreement, and hence so far as possible it should be conducted to serve that aim. We should not readily accuse one another of self- or group-interest, prejudice or bias, and of such deeply entrenched errors as ideological blindness and delusion. Such accusations arouse resentment and hostility, and block the way to reasonable agreement. The disposition to make such accusations without compelling grounds is plainly unreasonable, and often a declaration of intellectual war.

John Rawls, Collected Papers , ed. Samuel Freeman, (MA: Harvard University Press, 1999)，pp.478.

政治性的讨论目的就是为了达成一种合乎情理的共识，因此它应尽可能地以最有利于达成这个目的的方式来展开。我们不应该轻率地指责不同意我们的人是基于自我或群体利益的、是偏见或偏倚的，以及是因为意识形态的盲目和错觉这类根深蒂固的错误。这些指责容易引起憎恨和敌意，并妨碍达成合乎情理的一致。如果不存在有说服力的根据，那么做这样指责的倾向是不合乎情理的，且常常意味着一种智识上的宣战。