Yes; complex, Tn5 insertion bias, with preference for A/Ts in insertion site and C/Gs flanking133-135
Yes; complex, partially dependent on enzyme concentration and on methylation status of CpGs85,136
Yes; preferential cutting upstream of A/T compared to G/C137,138
Yes; dictated by antibody used to guide Tn5 and by Tn5 bias.
标准分析中输入的细胞/细胞核数
500-50,000
1-10 million
10,000-100,000
100,000-500,000
是否有低起始量/单细胞方法可用?
Yes86,87; commercial solutions available.
Yes67
Yes66
Yes62,64,139-141
样本类型
Fresh or cryopreserved cells or nuclei. Fresh or frozen tissues.
Fresh or cryopreserved cells or nuclei. Fresh or frozen tissues. Formaldehyde cross-linked or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples.
Fresh or cryopreserved cells or nuclei. Fresh or frozen tissues. Formaldehyde cross-linked samples.
Fresh or cryopreserved cells or nuclei. Fresh or frozen tissues.
文库准备时间
~10 hours for 12 samples (this protocol)
1-3 days
~ 2-days
1-2 days
技术考量
Library quality is highly dependent on cell viability. Protocol alterations are required for use on fixed cells and data quality is often reduced for those samples.
Enzyme concentration and digestion duration may need to be optimized to sample type. Size of fragments selected affects downstream analysis.28
Enzyme concentration and digestion duration may need to be optimized to sample type. Apparent nucleosome occupancy is a function of MNase concentration.
The amount of antibody used must be titrated for the cell type or sample. This will be a function of the strength of the antibody and the abundance of the target protein. The assay is as specific as the primary antibody used. Additionally, this is a targeted technique, so additional libraries must be made of each modification or protein tested.
测序类型
Paired-end
Single-end
Single-end
Single-end or paired-end
测序深度
Low;
10 million read-pairs per sample with Omni-ATAC.
Medium/high:
20-50 million uniquely mapping reads per sample; 200 million for TF footprinting.
High
; 150-200 million reads per sample (human)142
Very low
; 3 million read-pairs per sample.
数据产量
Tn5-accessible chromatin;
DNase-accessible chromatin; TF footprinting.
Nucleosome positioning, inaccessible chromatin.
Location of target on DNA.
主要优势
Links labeling of accessible regions and NGS library preparation, making preparation of library straightforward.
Footprinting analysis.
Method of choice for nucleosome positioning and quantitative nucleosome dynamics.
Enables mapping of specific TF or histone modification in low cell numbers. Some histone modifications, like H3K27ac, can be used to look for active enhancers.