众所周知，在英语阅读中除了词汇，长难句是影响学生理解文章的另一个主要因素。理解长难句的关键是
首先
判断句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，英语中谓语是单一原则，即一个简单句只能有一个谓语，如果要表达多个动作可用并列、非谓语动词或从句。其次
要找出句子主干
，这需要熟练掌握英语常见的五种基本句型。然后对其修饰部分（定、状、补）进行分析
。
小编特意把影响理解长难句的一些难点进行了归类，并选取了一些国外网站上的句子作为分析，希望对同学们有所帮助！
英语和汉语的定语的位置有所差异，汉语一般是放在名词前面，英语定语的位置比较灵活，后置定语容易对学生造成理解上的困难，其中过去分词作定语的影响较为明显。
因为过去分词的形式与句子的谓语动词很像，学生很容易混淆。当句子中出现多个动词时，关键是要通过主语以及句意要判断哪个是谓语动词，从而找出句子的主干。
To travel from one place to another, Inuit used sleds pulled over the snow and ice by dogs.
分析：
句子主干是Inuit used sleds；pulled over the snow and ice by dogs作后置定语，修饰sleds；To travel from one place to another作目的状语。
句意：
因纽特人出行时，会使用狗拉的雪橇在冰雪上走。
A group called Space Adventures has offered wealthy individuals the opportunity to fly to the station aboard Russian-built rockets.
分析：
句子主干是A group has offered wealthy individuals the opportunity；called …作后置定语，修饰group；to fly …作后置定语，修饰opportunity。
句意：
一个名为太空探险的组织为富人提供了乘坐俄罗斯制造的火箭飞往空间站的机会。
Those three cities, followed by Seattle and Chicago, are the most overworked cities in the United States, according to a study released by the mobile technology company Kisi this past week.
分析
：句子主干是
Those three cities are the most overworked cities；followed ...作后置定语，修饰cities；released...作后置定语，修饰study。
句意：
根据移动技术公司
Kisi在上周发布的一项研究，这三个城市是美国加班最多的城市，紧接着是西雅图和芝加哥。
理解并列句的关键是要注意并列连词
and, but, yet, or, so, for, not only...but also...
等，
并根据句意弄清哪些部分属于并列成分。
The confusion of what to do, how to do it, or which way to go in our life is always changing.
分析
：句子主干是
The confusion is always changing；介词of后面的三个不定式短语是并列关系。
句意
：生活中我们做什么、怎么做、朝什么方向去做的困惑总是在改变。
But the most important aspect of this free fishing weekend is simply to be out there and share the excitement of figuring out where to fish, how to fish and how to land those big and small ones.
分析
：句子主干是
the most important aspect is simply to be out there and share the excitement；be out there和share the excitement是并列关系；where to fish，how to fish和how to land …是并列关系。
句意
：然而，这个周末免费钓鱼活动最重要的部分就是到户外去，大家一起去讨论哪里钓鱼、怎么钓以及如何钓到各种各样大大小小的鱼，并分享由此带来的兴奋。
定语从句一般修饰名词，但非限制性定语从句有时修饰整个句子，关系词在从句中充当成分，并且指代其修饰的名词或句子。弄清关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分是掌握和判断定语从句的关键。
One popular choice is
The Common Application, which is accepted by more than 750 schools, including some located outside the U.S.
分析：
句子主干是
One popular choice is
The Common Application；which引导定语从句，修饰Application；关系词在从句中作主语。
句意：
一种受欢迎的选择是通用申请，它被
750多所学校所接受，包括一些位于美国以外的学校。
A key to living a healthy life is seeking and maintaining a balance, with which we can achieve more and the much happier in our lives.
分析
：句子主干是A key is seeking and maintaining a balance；with which引导定语从句，修饰a balance；with which在定语从句中作状语。
句意
：健康生活的关键是寻求和保持平衡，这样我们就能在生活中获得
更多和更多的快乐。
An international team of astronomers has discovered a new solar system with a planet that could be habitable, a Spanish astrophysicist （天体物理学家）who led the research said Thursday.
分析：
句子的主语是
a Spanish astrophysicist，谓语动词是said，An international team of astronomers
...
为宾语从句；that引导定语从句修饰planet，在从句中作主语；who引导定语从句修饰astrophysicist，在从句中作主语。
句意：
主持
这项研究的西班牙天体物理学家周四说，一个国际天文学家小组发现了一个新的太阳系，其中有一颗行星可能适合居住。
The Pudong and Hongqiao airports expect to handle 21.4 million travelers, a 4-percent increase from last year, during the annual peak period in July and August, when many students and their families travel for summer vacations.
分析：
句子主干是
The Pudong and Hongqiao airports expect to handle 21.4 million travelers；during...作状语；when引导定语从句修饰July and August。
句意：
在
7月和8月的年度旅游高峰期，许多学生和他们的家人会在暑假期间出游。浦东机场和虹桥机场预计将接待2140万游客，比去年同期增长4%。
We are asking them to change the event from a Roundup where they collect and kill off as many snakes as they can, to a Rattlesnake Festival where the species is celebrated for its value to our ecosystem, as against being killed because of fear of the species.
分析：
句子主干是
We are asking them to change the event；from … because of fear of the species作状语；两个where引导的定语从句分别修饰Roundup和Festival。
句意：
我们让他们对这个节日做出改变。把它从一个捕获、杀害大量蛇的捕猎节改为庆祝响尾蛇对生态系统的益处的节日，而不是因害怕蛇而杀害它们。
I can’t promise that the menu items are all good for you, but here are 30 places — which have received plenty of online praise from travelers and locals alike — where your road-trip pit stop （中途休息）will be anything but ordinary.
分析：
句子主干是
I can’t promise that the menu items are all good for you, but here are 30 places；which和where引导定语从句修饰places。
句意：
虽然不能保证菜单上的食物都合你胃口，但这里有
30个地方——它们在网上得到了旅行者和当地人的一致好评——在这里，你的公路之旅绝不会是一个普通的停留站。
what引导从句时，很多情况下相当于something that，这样更便于理解句意。
In the following pages, I will share some of my recommendations for what you can do to experience healthy aging.
分析：
what引导的从句作介词for的宾语；what相当于the practice that。
句意：
在接下来的文章中，我将告诉你如何体验健康的老龄化。
What many people mean by the word “power” could be more accurately described as “control”.
分析
：
what引导的从句在句中作主语，what相当于something that。
句意
：许多人所说的
“权力”可以更准确地描述为“控制”。
He bought a pen as a birthday present for his niece at what his wife thought was a reasonable price before they went to his niece’s birthday.
分析：
what引导的从句作at的宾语，what相当于the price that。
句意：
在参加生日聚会之前，他给他的侄女买了一支钢笔作为生日礼物，他的妻子认为价钱适中。
This makes it extremely simple to save what you find with an electronic bookmark so you can return to it later.
分析：
what引导的从句作save的宾语；what在从句中作find的宾语；what相当于things that。
句意：
如此一来，用电子书签保存所找到的网页内容就变得非常简单，日后也可以再次访问。
同位语一般都位于名词的后面，对名词进行解释说明。当同位语是词或短语时，它和名词之间通常有逗号或者破折号。同位语从句的句意完整，连接词that在从句中不充当成分。
On July 16, 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins lifted off from Launch Pad 39A (39A发射台) on a journey to the Moon and into history.
分析：
句子主干是
astronauts lifted off from Launch Pad 39A；Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins作 astronauts的同位语。
句意：
1969年7月16日，宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗、巴兹·奥尔德林和迈克尔·柯林斯从39A发射台升空，踏上了月球之旅，由此被载入历史。
The team is already working on a new and improved version of the robot — one that is 25 percent bigger and needs light just 1.5 times brighter than the sun to work.
分析：
句子主干是The team is already working on a new and improved version of the robot；one作robot的同位语；that引导定语从句修饰one。
句意：该团队已经在研发一种全新升级版的机器人——比原来大25%，且只需要比太阳亮1.5倍的光就可以工作。
Many tourists may want reassurance that the likelihood of a shark attack is very slim before they head into the ocean.
分析：
句子主干是Many tourists may want reassurance；that引导同位语从句，对reassurance进行解释说明。
句意：许多游客在下海前可能想要得到保证——鲨鱼袭击的可能性非常小。
Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, once expressed his hope that he would donate most of his hard-earned money to the society, leaving only a small amount to his family.
分析：
句子主干是
Bill Gates once expressed his hope；the richest man in the world作Bill Gates的同位语；that引导同位语从句，对hope进行解释说明；分词短语leaving only a small amount to his family作状语。
句意：
世界首富比尔
·盖茨曾表示他希望将他辛苦赚来的大部分钱捐给社会，只将一小部分钱留给他的家庭。
强调句型的结构为：it is / was + 要强调的部分 + that / who + 其余部分；辨别句子是否为强调句，可以把句子中的it is / was和that / who去掉，看句子是否完整，如果完整，表明该句是强调句。
It is only on the world market that we can prove the competitiveness and quality of our software.
分析
：本句强调的是状语
only on the world market。
句意：
只有在国际市场上，才能展现出我们软件的竞争力和质量。
It was what he did when they were in trouble rather than what he said that moved us to tears.
分析：
本句强调的是句中的主语
what he did when they were in trouble … he said；如果改成非强调句则是What he did when they were in trouble rather than what he said moved us to tears。
It wasn’t until we each went our separate ways that I began to learn how to do things for myself.
分析：
本句强调状语从句
until we each went our separate ways；如果改成非强调句则是I didn’t begin to learn how to do things for myself until we each went our separate ways.
Thanks to their efforts, the hospital was cleaner and healthier for the sick soldiers, who thought Florence was a very special lady for what she had done for them.
分析：
句子主干是the hospital was cleaner and healthier for the sick soldiers；Thanks to…作状语；who引导定语从句修饰soldiers，定语从句中what引导的从句作介词for的宾语。
句意：
由于她们的努力，医院更加干净卫生了。而这一切让生病的士兵们觉得弗洛伦萨是一位非常特殊的女士。
If people learn a language because they need to use it in work, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day-to-day life.
分析：
if引导状语从句，主句为they often learn it faster...，studying a language that has no direct use in their day-to-day life修饰people，作后置定语；that引导定语从句，修饰language。
句意：
因工作需要而学习一门语言的人要比生活中缺乏直接使用机会的人学的更快。
It is this unique set of competitive advantages that has made Ireland one of the most attractive locations for overseas investment by some of the world’s leading technology companies, among which are Intel, Microsoft, Dell, Oracle and Amazon.
分析：
句子主干是
this unique set of competitive advantages has made Ireland one of the most attractive locations for overseas investment；本句为强调句，强调句子的主语this unique set of competitive advantages；among which引导定语从句，修饰companies。
句意：
正是这些独特的、极具竞争力的优势使爱尔兰成为了全球最具吸引力的海外投资地区之一，引来了包括英特尔、微软、戴尔、甲骨文和亚马逊在内的诸多全球领先的技术公司。
OMG, which is run with help from the Ries’ parents as well as an list of wildlife experts, has taken on a number of local and international activities, including raising money for cheetahs, working against throw-away plastic bags, and taking action to change the US tradition of Rattlesnake Roundups where thousands of rattlesnakes are killed for a community festival.
分析：
句子主干是
OMG has taken on a number of local and international activities。which引导的定语从句修饰主语OMG；including … for a community festival作状语；where引导的定语从句修饰Roundups。
句意：
OMG的运营得到了里斯的父母和一些野生动物保护专家的帮助。该组织在当地和国际上都举办了许多活动，包括为猎豹筹款、反对使用一次性塑料袋和采取措施改变美国的响尾蛇捕猎节的传统；在这个社区性的节日里成千上万条响尾蛇被捕杀。
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