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What Causes An Asthma Attack? 什么导致哮喘的发作?

广东疾控  · 公众号  · 养生  · 2017-04-17 21:35

正文

An asthma attack can occur when you are exposed to things in the environment such as house dust mites and tobacco smoke. These are called asthma triggers.



如果你接触到环境中的某些东西,如尘螨和烟草烟雾时,有可能导致哮喘发作。这些叫做哮喘的诱发因素。


1

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (Secondhand Smoke) 


环境烟草烟雾(二手烟)



Environmental tobacco smoke is often called “secondhand smoke” because it is smoke that is breathed in not by a smoker but by a second person nearby. Parents, friends, and relatives of children with asthma should try to stop smoking and should never smoke around a person with asthma. They should only smoke outdoors and not in the family home or car. They should not allow others to smoke in the home, and they should make sure their child’s school is smoke-free. 

环境烟草烟雾通常称为“二手烟”,因为烟不是由吸烟者吸入,而是由其旁边的第二个人吸入的。哮喘患儿的父母、朋友和亲戚都应尽量戒烟,绝不应该在哮喘患者周围吸烟。他们应该只在室外吸烟,不应在家中或车里吸烟。他们不应允许其他人在屋内吸烟,并确保他们孩子的学校是无烟学校。



2

Dust Mites 


尘螨


Dust mites are in almost everybody’s home, but they don’t cause everybody to have asthma attacks. If you have asthma, dust mites may be a trigger for an attack. To help prevent asthma attacks, use mattress covers and pillow case covers to make a barrier between dust mites and yourself. Don’t use down-filled pillows, quilts, or comforters. Remove stuffed animals and clutter from your bedroom.

尘螨几乎家家都有,但不会导致人人都发生哮喘。如果你患哮喘,那么尘螨就可能是诱发因素。为了预防哮喘发作,可使用床垫套和枕套把自己和尘螨隔开。不要使用羽绒的枕头、被子或其他床上用品。不要在卧室堆放填充的动物玩具和杂物。


3

Outdoor Air Pollution

 

室外空气污染




Pollution caused by industrial emissions and automobile exhaust can cause an asthma attack. Pay attention to air quality forecasts on radio and television and plan your activities for when air pollution levels will be low if air pollution aggravates your asthma. 

工业废气和汽车尾气造成的空气污染可导致哮喘发作。如果空气污染会加重你的哮喘,那么应该留意广播和电视中的空气质量预报,当空气污染程度低时,才安排活动。




4

Cockroach Allergen 


蟑螂过敏原


Cockroaches and their droppings may trigger an asthma attack. Get rid of cockroaches in your home and keep them from coming back by taking away their food and water. Cockroaches are usually found where food is eaten and crumbs are left behind. Remove as many water and food sources as you can because cockroaches need food and water to survive. Vacuum or sweep areas that might attract cockroaches at least every 2 or 3 days. You can also use roach traps or gels to decrease the number of cockroaches in your home.

蟑螂及其排泄物可以诱发哮喘发作。清除家中的蟑螂,并把食物和水移走以避免它们回来。蟑螂通常出现在吃过食物和残留面包屑的地方。因此,尽可能去除水和食物来源,因为蟑螂需要它们来生存。至少每隔2-3天需要使用吸尘器吸除或者清扫可能会吸引蟑螂出现的地方。你也可以用蟑螂屋或蟑螂胶减少家中蟑螂的数量。


5

Pets 


宠物



Furry pets may trigger an asthma attack. When a furry pet is suspected of causing asthma attacks, the simplest solution is to find the pet another home. If pet owners are too attached to their pets or are unable to locate a safe, new home for the pet, they should keep the pet out of the bedroom of the person with asthma. Pets should be bathed weekly and kept outside as much as possible. People with asthma are not allergic to their pet’s fur, so trimming your pet’s fur will not help your asthma. If you have a furry pet, vacuum often to clean up anything that could cause an asthma attack. If your floors have a hard surface, such as wood or tile, and are not carpeted, damp mop them every week. 

毛茸茸的宠物会诱发哮喘。当怀疑一只毛茸茸的宠物可能会引起哮喘发作时,最简单的方法就是给它换一个家。如果宠物主人对宠物的感情太深,或者无法为宠物找到一个安全的新家,那就应该让这个宠物远离哮喘患者的卧室。宠物应该每周洗澡,并尽可能留在室外。哮喘患者如果不是对宠物的皮毛过敏,修剪宠物的皮毛是无法缓解哮喘的。如果你有一只毛茸茸的宠物,要经常吸尘以打扫干净任何可导致哮喘发作的东西。如果你家地板表面是坚硬的,比如木地板或者瓷砖并没有铺地毯,那么每周都要用湿拖把拖地。



6

Mold 


霉菌


When mold is inhaled or breathed in, it can cause an asthma attack. Get rid of mold in all parts of your home to help control your asthma attacks. Keep the humidity level in your home between 35% and 50%. In hot, humid climates, you may need to use an air conditioner or a dehumidifier or both. Fix water leaks, which allow mold to grow behind walls and under floors.

吸入霉菌会导致哮喘发作。清除家中所有地方的霉菌可以帮助你控制哮喘的发生。保持家中的相对湿度在35%-50%之间。在炎热、潮湿的季节,你可能需要使用空调或者除湿机,或者两者并用。漏水处要维修好,因为漏水会使霉菌在墙后或地板下滋生。


(来源:美国疾控中心


(感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导)


统筹:宁可儿

翻译:雷未明

美编:雷未明


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