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What Should I Know About Screening? 关于筛查，我应该知道什么？

广东疾控 · 公众号 · 养生 · 2017-04-19 21:21

正文

What Is Colorectal Cancer Screening?

什么是大肠癌筛查？

A screening test is used to look for a disease when a person doesn’t have symptoms. (When a person has symptoms, diagnostic tests are used to find out the cause of the symptoms.)

筛查试验是在还没有症状时发现疾病的方法（当已出现症状，要用诊断检测来找出产生症状的原因）。

When Should I Begin to Get Screened?

我应何时开始筛查？

You should begin screening for colorectal cancer soon after turning 50, then continue getting screened at regular intervals. However, you may need to be tested earlier than 50, or more often than other people, if—

You or a close relative have had colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer.
You have an inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.
You have a genetic syndrome such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome).

If you think you are at increased risk for colorectal cancer, speak with your doctor about when to begin screening, which test is right for you, and how often to get tested.

一到50岁，你就应该马上开始筛查大肠癌，然后保持定期筛查。然而，如果出现以下情况，你就要在50岁之前进行检查：

你或者近亲患有大肠息肉或者大肠癌
你有炎症性肠病，例如克罗恩病或溃疡性结肠炎
你有遗传性综合征，例如家族性腺瘤性息肉病或者遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌（Lynch综合征）。

如果你认为自己患大肠癌的风险增加了，要咨询医生，什么时候开始筛查，哪些检测适合你，以及检测的频率。

Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests

大肠癌筛查检测

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that adults age 50 to 75 be screened for colorectal cancer. The decision to be screened after age 75 should be made on an individual basis. If you are older than 75, ask your doctor if you should be screened. People at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer should talk to their doctors about when to begin screening, which test is right for them, and how often to get tested.

Several screening tests can be used to find polyps or colorectal cancer. The Task Force outlines the following colorectal cancer screening strategies. Talk to your doctor about which of the following tests are right for you.

美国预防服务工作小组建议50岁至75岁的成年人要进行大肠癌筛查。75岁以上的人是否进行筛查则应基于个人身体状况进行判断。如果你75岁以上，可向医生咨询是否需要进行筛查。患大肠癌的风险在增加的人应该与医生沟通自己何时进行筛查，以及选择合适的筛查项目和频率。

✔

Stool Tests

粪便检查

The guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) uses the chemical guaiac to detect blood in the stool. It is done once a year. For this test, you receive a test kit from your health care provider. At home, you use a stick or brush to obtain a small amount of stool. You return the test kit to the doctor or a lab, where the stool samples are checked for the presence of blood.

愈创木粪便潜血试验（gFOBT）使用愈创木脂化学法检测粪便中的血液。一年进行一次。这个实验，医护人员会给你一个试剂盒。在家中，你使用一根棍子或刷子采少量的粪便。把试剂盒交给医生或实验室，由其对粪便样本进行检测，发现是否有血液。

The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) uses antibodies to detect blood in the stool. It is also done once a year in the same way as a gFOBT.

粪便免疫化学试验（FIT）使用抗体来检测粪便中的血液。这和愈创木粪便潜隐血试验一样，也是一年做一次。

The FIT-DNA test (also referred to as the stool DNA test) combines the FIT with a test that detects altered DNA in the stool. For this test, you collect an entire bowel movement and send it to a lab to be checked for cancer cells. It is done once every one or three years.

FIT-DNA 检测（也叫粪便DNA检测）结合了粪便免疫学试验检测粪便中DNA的变化。做这个试验，你需要收集一整块大便，交由实验室进行癌细胞的检测。这个检测1至3年做一次。

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Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

软式乙状结肠镜检查

For this test, the doctor puts a short, thin, flexible, lighted tube into your rectum. The doctor checks for polyps or cancer inside the rectum andlower third of the colon.

How often: Every 5 years, or every 10 years with a FIT every year.

做这个检查时，医生把一条短细、柔软可弯曲、有照明灯的管子插入直肠。医生检查直肠和乙状结肠内是否有息肉或肿瘤。

频率：每五年做一次，或者在每年做粪便免疫学试验的情况下每十年做一次。

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Colonoscopy

结肠镜检查

This is similar to flexible sigmoidoscopy, except the doctor uses a longer, thin, flexible, lighted tube to check for polyps or cancer inside the rectum and the entire colon. During the test, the doctor can find and remove most polyps and some cancers. Colonoscopy also is used as a follow-up test if anything unusual is found during one of the other screening tests.

How often: Every 10 years.

这个和软式乙状结肠镜检查类似，不同在于医生用一条更长、柔软可弯曲、有照明灯的细管子检查直肠和整段结肠中是否有息肉或癌症。在这个检查中，医生可以发现并切除大部分的息肉和某些肿瘤。在其他筛查发现异常时，结肠镜检查也被用作后续试验进一步检查。

频率：每十年做一次。

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CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)

CT结肠成像（仿真结肠镜）

Computed tomography (CT) colonography, also called a virtual colonoscopy, uses X-rays and computers to produce images of the entire colon, which are displayed on a computer screen for the doctor to analyze.

How often: Every 5 years.

计算机断层扫描(CT)结肠成像，也叫仿真结肠镜,使用X射线和电脑对整个结肠成像，显示在电脑屏幕上供医生分析。

频率：每五年做一次。

How Do I Know Which Screening Test Is Right for Me?

怎样才能知道我应该做哪种筛查？

There is no single “best test” for any person. Each test has advantages and disadvantages. Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of each test, and how often to be tested. Which test to use depends on—

Your preferences.
Your medical condition.
The likelihood that you will get the test.
The resources available for testing and follow-up.

对任何人都没有什么“最好的检查方法”。每一种检查方法都有优点和缺点。与你的医生沟通每种检查方法的利弊，以及检查的频率。选择检查方法取决于——

☑ 你的偏好。

☑你的健康状况。

☑ 你可得到检查的可能性。

☑ 可供检查和后续跟进的资源。

（来源：美国疾控中心）

（感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导）

统筹：lily

翻译：雷未明

美编：晓马哥

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